Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
In Partial Fulfillment of DMD Requirements, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Molecules. 2022 Jul 21;27(14):4662. doi: 10.3390/molecules27144662.
the endocannabinoid system (ECS) participates in many physiological and pathological processes including pain generation, modulation, and sensation. Its involvement in chronic orofacial pain (OFP) in general, and the reflection of its involvement in OFP in salivary endocannabinoid (eCBs) levels in particular, has not been examined.
to evaluate the association between salivary (eCBs) levels and chronic OFP.
salivary levels of 2 eCBs, anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 2 endocannabinoid-like compounds-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), -oleoylethanolamine (OEA), and their endogenous precursor and breakdown product, arachidonic acid (AA), were analyzed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in 83 chronic OFP patients and 43 pain-free controls. The chronic OFP patients were divided according to diagnosis into musculoskeletal, neurovascular/migraine, and neuropathic pain types.
chronic OFP patients had lower levels of OEA ( = 0.02) and 2-AG = 0.01). Analyzing specific pain types revealed lower levels of AEA and OEA in the neurovascular group 0.04, 0.02, respectively), and 2-AG in the neuropathic group compared to controls ( 0.05). No significant differences were found between the musculoskeletal pain group and controls. Higher pain intensity was accompanied by lower levels of AA ( = 0.028), in neuropathic group.
lower levels of eCBs were found in the saliva of chronic OFP patients compared to controls, specifically those with neurovascular/migraine, and neuropathic pain. The detection of changes in salivary endocannabinoids levels related to OFP adds a new dimension to our understanding of OFP mechanisms, and may have diagnostic as well as therapeutic implications for pain.
内源性大麻素系统（ECS）参与许多生理和病理过程，包括疼痛的产生、调节和感觉。它在一般慢性口腔面部疼痛（OFP）中的参与，以及其在唾液内源性大麻素（eCBs）水平中的参与反映，尚未被检查。
评估唾液（eCBs）水平与慢性 OFP 之间的关联。
使用液相色谱/串联质谱法分析 83 例慢性 OFP 患者和 43 例无痛对照者的 2 种 eCB （AEA）、2-花生四烯酸甘油（2-AG）、2 种内源性大麻素样化合物-棕榈酰乙醇胺（PEA）、-油酰乙醇胺（OEA）及其内源性前体和分解产物花生四烯酸（AA）的唾液水平。根据诊断，慢性 OFP 患者分为肌肉骨骼、神经血管/偏头痛和神经病理性疼痛类型。
慢性 OFP 患者的 OEA 水平较低（ = 0.02）和 2-AG （ = 0.01）。分析特定的疼痛类型发现，神经血管组的 AEA 和 OEA 水平较低（分别为 0.04 和 0.02），而神经病理性组的 2-AG 水平较低（与对照组相比， 0.05）。肌肉骨骼疼痛组与对照组之间无显著差异。神经病理性组疼痛强度越高，AA 水平越低（ = 0.028）。
与对照组相比，慢性 OFP 患者的唾液中发现的 eCB 水平较低，特别是那些有神经血管/偏头痛和神经病理性疼痛的患者。检测与 OFP 相关的唾液内源性大麻素水平的变化为我们理解 OFP 机制增加了一个新的维度，并且可能对疼痛具有诊断和治疗意义。
