Ying Cuifeng, Ma Tianji, Xu Lei, Rahmani Mohsen
Advanced Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School of Science &Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK.
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Jul 12;12(14):2384. doi: 10.3390/nano12142384.
Nanopore sensors provide a unique platform to detect individual nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules without the need for fluorescent labeling or chemical modifications. Solid-state nanopores offer the potential to integrate nanopore sensing with other technologies such as field-effect transistors (FETs), optics, plasmonics, and microfluidics, thereby attracting attention to the development of commercial instruments for diagnostics and healthcare applications. Stable nanopores with ideal dimensions are particularly critical for nanopore sensors to be integrated into other sensing devices and provide a high signal-to-noise ratio. Nanopore fabrication, although having benefited largely from the development of sophisticated nanofabrication techniques, remains a challenge in terms of cost, time consumption and accessibility. One of the latest developed methods-controlled breakdown (CBD)-has made the nanopore technique broadly accessible, boosting the use of nanopore sensing in both fundamental research and biomedical applications. Many works have been developed to improve the efficiency and robustness of pore formation by CBD. However, nanopores formed by traditional CBD are randomly positioned in the membrane. To expand nanopore sensing to a wider biomedical application, controlling the localization of nanopores formed by CBD is essential. This article reviews the recent strategies to control the location of nanopores formed by CBD. We discuss the fundamental mechanism and the efforts of different approaches to confine the region of nanopore formation.
纳米孔传感器提供了一个独特的平台，可用于检测单个核酸、蛋白质及其他生物分子，而无需进行荧光标记或化学修饰。固态纳米孔有望将纳米孔传感技术与其他技术（如场效应晶体管（FET）、光学、等离子体激元学和微流体技术）集成，从而吸引了人们对开发用于诊断和医疗保健应用的商业仪器的关注。具有理想尺寸的稳定纳米孔对于将纳米孔传感器集成到其他传感设备中并提供高信噪比尤为关键。纳米孔制造虽然在很大程度上受益于先进的纳米制造技术的发展，但在成本、时间消耗和可及性方面仍然是一个挑战。最新开发的方法之一——可控击穿（CBD）——使纳米孔技术得到了广泛应用，推动了纳米孔传感在基础研究和生物医学应用中的使用。已经开展了许多工作来提高CBD形成孔的效率和稳健性。然而，传统CBD形成的纳米孔在膜中是随机定位的。为了将纳米孔传感扩展到更广泛的生物医学应用，控制CBD形成的纳米孔的定位至关重要。本文综述了控制CBD形成的纳米孔位置的最新策略。我们讨论了限制纳米孔形成区域的基本机制和不同方法所做的努力。
