Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
Nutrients. 2022 Jul 7;14(14):2797. doi: 10.3390/nu14142797.
This study examined the longitudinal associations between parental feeding practices and child weight status, and their potential modification effects by child sex, age, and maternal and paternal educations among children. Data were collected from 2015 to 2017 of 2139 children aged 6−17 years and their parents in five Chinese mega-cities. Parental feeding practices were assessed using 11-items from Child Feeding Questionnaire. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), and general and central obesity were measured and analyzed using a mixed-effects model. Three parental feeding patterns were identified by factor analysis including “concern”, “pressure to eat”, and “control”. Concern was associated with higher BMI z-score, WHtR (βs ranged from 0.01 to 0.16), and general obesity (ORs ranged from 1.29 to 6.41) among children aged ≤12 years and >12 years, regardless of child sex and parental educations. Pressure to eat was associated with lower BMI z-score (β = −0.08, p < 0.001), WHtR (β = −0.004, p < 0.01), and general (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.42, 0.66) and central obesity (OR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.58, 0.90) among children aged ≤12 years. Further analyses showed that significant associations were found for children with maternal or paternal education of college and above. Control was associated with increased risk of general and central obesity among children with maternal education of college and above, regardless of age. Our study indicates that higher concern and lower pressure to eat were associated with increased risk of obesity among children. Control was associated with increased risk of obesity among children with maternal education of college and above. Future childhood obesity preventions may optimize parental feeding practices.
本研究考察了父母喂养方式与儿童体重状况之间的纵向关联，以及在儿童中，性别、年龄、母亲和父亲教育程度对其潜在的调节作用。数据来自 2015 年至 2017 年中国五个特大城市的 2139 名 6-17 岁儿童及其父母。父母喂养方式采用儿童喂养问卷的 11 项内容进行评估。使用混合效应模型测量和分析腰围身高比（WHtR）、体重指数（BMI）以及全身肥胖和中心性肥胖。通过因子分析确定了三种父母喂养模式，包括“关心”、“进食压力”和“控制”。关心与≤12 岁和>12 岁儿童的 BMI z 评分、WHtR（β 范围为 0.01-0.16）和全身肥胖（OR 范围为 1.29-6.41）呈正相关，而与儿童性别和父母教育程度无关。进食压力与 BMI z 评分降低（β=-0.08，p<0.001）、WHtR（β=-0.004，p<0.01）、全身肥胖（OR=0.53，95%CI=0.42-0.66）和中心性肥胖（OR=0.72，95%CI=0.58-0.90）呈负相关，仅在≤12 岁儿童中发现。进一步分析表明，在母亲或父亲接受过大学及以上教育的儿童中，存在显著关联。控制与母亲接受过大学及以上教育的儿童发生全身和中心性肥胖的风险增加有关，无论年龄大小。我们的研究表明，较高的关心程度和较低的进食压力与儿童肥胖风险增加有关。控制与母亲接受过大学及以上教育的儿童肥胖风险增加有关。未来的儿童肥胖预防可能需要优化父母的喂养方式。
