Hlisnikovský Lukáš, Ivičic Peter, Barłóg Przemysław, Grzebisz Witold, Menšík Ladislav, Kunzová Eva
Department of Nutrition Management, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Ruzyně, 161 01 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71F, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jul 12;11(14):1825. doi: 10.3390/plants11141825.
Based on a long-term experiment in Prague, established in 1954, we analyzed the effect of weather and seven fertilization treatments (mineral and manure treatments) on winter wheat grain yield (GY) and stability. In total, 23 seasons were analyzed, where a wheat crop followed a summer crop of potatoes. A regression analysis showed that, since the experiment started, there has been a significant increase in the annual daily maximum, average, and minimum temperature of 0.5 °C, and an increase in annual rainfall of 0.3 mm. Grain yield was positively associated with April precipitation, mean daily temperature in October, and daily maximum temperature in February. Yields were most stable between years with two fertilizer treatments that supplied a mean of 47 kg N hayr, 54 kg P hayr, and 108 kg K hayr. The rate of N at which grain yield was optimized was determined according to the linear-plateau (LP) and quadratic response models as 44 kg N hayr for the long-strawed varieties and 87 kg N hayrfor short-strawed varieties. A gradual increase in yields was observed in all treatments, including the unfertilized control, which was attributed to improved varieties rather than to a changing climate.
基于1954年在布拉格开展的一项长期试验，我们分析了天气和七种施肥处理（矿物肥和有机肥处理）对冬小麦籽粒产量（GY）及其稳定性的影响。总共分析了23个季节，其中小麦作物是在夏季马铃薯作物之后种植的。回归分析表明，自试验开始以来，年每日最高气温、平均气温和最低气温显著升高了0.5℃，年降雨量增加了0.3毫米。籽粒产量与4月降水量、10月平均日气温以及2月日最高气温呈正相关。在两种施肥处理的年份间产量最稳定，这两种施肥处理平均每公顷提供47千克氮、54千克磷和108千克钾。根据线性-平台（LP）和二次响应模型确定，长秸秆品种优化籽粒产量的氮肥施用量为每公顷44千克氮，短秸秆品种为每公顷87千克氮。在所有处理中，包括未施肥的对照，都观察到产量逐渐增加，这归因于品种改良而非气候变化。
