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环境、品种和施肥对春大麦籽粒产量及稳定性影响的长期研究

Long-Term Study of the Effects of Environment, Variety, and Fertilisation on Yield and Stability of Spring Barley Grain.

作者信息

Hlisnikovský Lukáš, Zemanová Veronika, Roman Muhammad, Menšík Ladislav, Kunzová Eva

机构信息

Department of Nutrition Management, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Ruzyně, 161 01 Prague, Czech Republic.

Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Pasteurova 15, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.

出版信息

Plants (Basel). 2024 Sep 30;13(19):2745. doi: 10.3390/plants13192745.

DOI:10.3390/plants13192745
PMID:39409615
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11478852/
Abstract

The stability and yield of barley grain are affected by several factors, such as climatic conditions, fertilisation, and the different barley varieties. In a long-term experiment in Prague, Czech Republic, established in 1955, we analysed the weather trends and how weather, fertilisation (10 treatments in total), and different barley varieties affected grain yield and stability. A total of 44 seasons were evaluated. Trends in mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures from 1953 to 2023, as well as sunshine duration from 1961 to 2022, showed statistically significant increases. The trend for annual precipitation from 1953 to 2023 was not significant, but changes in precipitation were recorded via seasonal precipitation concentration indexes. The unfertilised Control and farmyard manure (FYM) provided the lowest mean yields. Mineral fertilisers (NPK) and FYM+NPK increased grain yield, ranging from 4.9 t ha to 5.5 t ha. Three notable correlations between weather conditions and yields were observed: (1) June precipitation (r = 0.4), (2) minimal temperature in July (r = 0.3), and (3) sunshine duration in May (r = -0.5). According to the linear-plateau response model, the reasonable N dose is 55 kg ha, resulting in a mean yield of 6.7 t ha for the contemporarily used barley variety Sebastián.

摘要

大麦籽粒的稳定性和产量受多种因素影响，如气候条件、施肥以及不同的大麦品种。在捷克共和国布拉格于1955年开展的一项长期试验中，我们分析了天气趋势以及天气、施肥（共10种处理）和不同大麦品种如何影响籽粒产量和稳定性。总共评估了44个季节。1953年至2023年的平均、最低和最高气温趋势，以及1961年至2022年的日照时长均呈现出统计学上的显著增加。1953年至2023年的年降水量趋势不显著，但通过季节性降水集中指数记录了降水量的变化。未施肥的对照和农家肥处理的平均产量最低。矿物肥料（氮磷钾）和农家肥+氮磷钾提高了籽粒产量，范围在4.9吨/公顷至5.5吨/公顷之间。观察到天气条件与产量之间存在三个显著相关性：（1）6月降水量（r = 0.4），（2）7月最低气温（r = 0.3），以及（3）5月日照时长（r = -0.5）。根据线性-平台响应模型，合理的氮用量为55千克/公顷，对于当前使用的大麦品种塞巴斯蒂安来说，平均产量为6.7吨/公顷。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/6a4631f9ee9f/plants-13-02745-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/bc14a942345f/plants-13-02745-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/e638eca5127b/plants-13-02745-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/1d25f09f1daf/plants-13-02745-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/6e334b77503d/plants-13-02745-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/3941f07839df/plants-13-02745-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/fb9acba83d31/plants-13-02745-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/6a4631f9ee9f/plants-13-02745-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/bc14a942345f/plants-13-02745-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/e638eca5127b/plants-13-02745-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/1d25f09f1daf/plants-13-02745-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/6e334b77503d/plants-13-02745-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/3941f07839df/plants-13-02745-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/fb9acba83d31/plants-13-02745-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c2a1/11478852/6a4631f9ee9f/plants-13-02745-g007.jpg

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