Szablińska-Piernik Joanna, Lahuta Lesław Bernard, Stałanowska Karolina, Horbowicz Marcin
Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jul 19;11(14):1877. doi: 10.3390/plants11141877.
The use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on plants is accompanied by the occurrence of Ag ions, so the research of the effects of both on plants should be related. Therefore, in our study, the effects of Ag NPs suspension (containing Ag at 20 mg/L) and AgNO solutions (with the concentration of Ag ions at 20 and 50 mg/L) on the seed germination and early seedling growth (4 days) of pea ( L.) were compared. Both Ag NPs and AgNO did not decrease seed germination, and even stimulated seedling growth. In seedlings developing in the Ag NPs suspension, an increase in monosaccharides, homoserine and malate was noted. In the next experiment, the effect of short-term seed imbibition (8 h) in AgNO at elevated concentrations, ranging from 100 to 1000 mg/L, on the further seed germination, seedling growth (in absence of AgNO) and their polar metabolic profiles were evaluated. The seed imbibition in AgNO solutions at 500 and 1000 mg/L reduced seed germination, inhibited seedlings' growth and caused morphological deformations (twisting and folding of root). The above phytotoxic effects were accompanied by changes in amino acids and soluble carbohydrates profiles, in both sprouts and cotyledons. In deformed sprouts, the content of homoserine and asparagine (major amino acids) decreased, while alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, proline, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) and sucrose increased. The increase in sucrose coincided with a decrease in glucose and fructose. Sprouts, but not cotyledons, also accumulated malic acid and phosphoric acid. Additionally, cotyledons developed from seeds imbibed with AgNO contained raffinose and stachyose, which were not detectable in sprouts and cotyledons of control seedlings. The obtained results suggest the possible disturbances in the mobilization of primary (oligosaccharides) and presumably major storage materials (starch, proteins) as well as in the primary metabolism of developing seedlings.
在植物上使用银纳米颗粒（Ag NPs）会伴随着银离子的出现，因此对两者对植物影响的研究应该相互关联。所以，在我们的研究中，比较了Ag NPs悬浮液（含银量为20 mg/L）和AgNO₃溶液（银离子浓度为20和50 mg/L）对豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）种子萌发和早期幼苗生长（4天）的影响。Ag NPs和AgNO₃均未降低种子萌发率，甚至还促进了幼苗生长。在Ag NPs悬浮液中生长的幼苗中，单糖、高丝氨酸和苹果酸有所增加。在接下来的实验中，评估了在100至1000 mg/L的高浓度AgNO₃中短期种子吸胀（8小时）对进一步的种子萌发、幼苗生长（在无AgNO₃的情况下）及其极性代谢谱的影响。在500和1000 mg/L的AgNO₃溶液中进行种子吸胀会降低种子萌发率，抑制幼苗生长并导致形态变形（根部扭曲和折叠）。上述植物毒性效应伴随着芽和子叶中氨基酸和可溶性碳水化合物谱的变化。在变形的芽中，高丝氨酸和天冬酰胺（主要氨基酸）的含量降低，而丙氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、脯氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和蔗糖增加。蔗糖的增加与葡萄糖和果糖的减少同时发生。芽中积累了苹果酸和磷酸，但子叶中没有。此外，用AgNO₃吸胀的种子发育出的子叶中含有棉子糖和水苏糖，而对照幼苗的芽和子叶中未检测到这些物质。所得结果表明，在发育中的幼苗的初级（寡糖）和可能的主要储存物质（淀粉、蛋白质）的动员以及初级代谢中可能存在干扰。
