Costa Cristina, Scozzari Gitana, Migliore Enrica, Galassi Claudia, Ciccone Giovannino, Ricciardelli Guido, Scarmozzino Antonio, Angelone Lorenzo, Cassoni Paola, Cavallo Rossana
Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jun 27;10(7):1031. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10071031.
We describe the results of a T-cell immunity evaluation performed after a median elapsed time of 7 months from second-dose BNT162b2 vaccine administration, in a representative sample of 419 subjects from a large cohort of hospital workers. Overall, the Quantiferon SARS-CoV-2 assay detected a responsive pattern in 49.9%, 59.2% and 68.3% of subjects to three different antigenic stimuli from SARS-CoV-2, respectively, with 72.3% of positivity to at least one antigenic stimulus. Potential predictors of cellular response were explored by multivariable analyses; factors associated with positivity to cellular response (to Ag1 antigenic stimulus) were a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 4.24, 95% CI 2.34−7.67, p < 0.001), increasing age (per year: OR = 1.03 95% CI 1.01−1.06, p = 0.019 and currently smoking (compared to never smoking) (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.11−3.36, p = 0.010). Increasing time interval between vaccine administration and T-cell test was associated with decreasing cellular response (per week of time: OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91−0.98, p = 0.003). A blood group A/AB/B (compared to group O) was associated with higher levels of cellular immunity, especially when measured as Ag2 antigenic stimulus. Levels of cellular immunity tended to be lower among subjects that self-reported an autoimmune disorder or an immunodeficiency and among males. Further studies to assess the protective significance of different serological and cellular responses to the vaccine toward the risk of reinfection and the severity of COVID-19 are needed to better understand these findings.
我们描述了在419名来自大型医院工作人员队列的代表性样本中，自第二次接种BNT162b2疫苗起经过7个月的中位时间后进行的T细胞免疫评估结果。总体而言，结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物（Quantiferon）新冠病毒检测法分别在49.9%、59.2%和68.3%的受试者中检测到对三种不同新冠病毒抗原刺激的反应模式，72.3%的受试者对至少一种抗原刺激呈阳性。通过多变量分析探索了细胞反应的潜在预测因素；与细胞反应阳性（对Ag1抗原刺激）相关的因素包括既往新冠病毒感染（比值比[OR]=4.24，95%置信区间[CI]2.34 - 7.67，p<0.001）、年龄增长（每年：OR = 1.03，95%CI 1.01 - 1.06，p = 0.019）以及当前吸烟（与从不吸烟相比）（OR = 1.93，95%CI 1.11 - 3.36，p = 0.010）。疫苗接种与T细胞检测之间的时间间隔增加与细胞反应降低相关（每增加一周时间：OR = 0.94，95%CI 0.91 - 0.98，p = 0.003）。A/A B/B血型（与O型血相比）与更高水平的细胞免疫相关，尤其是在以Ag2抗原刺激进行测量时。自我报告患有自身免疫性疾病或免疫缺陷的受试者以及男性的细胞免疫水平往往较低。需要进一步研究以评估疫苗不同血清学和细胞反应对再感染风险和新冠病毒疾病严重程度的保护意义，以便更好地理解这些发现。
