Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
Viruses. 2022 Jun 24;14(7):1386. doi: 10.3390/v14071386.
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease, is one of the most important infectious pathogens threatening the global pig industry. Like other members of alphaherpesviruses, PRV establishes a lifelong latent infection and occasionally reactivates from latency after stress stimulus in infected pigs. Latent infected pigs can then serve as the source of recurrent infection, which is one of the difficulties for PRV eradication. Virus latency refers to the retention of viral complete genomes without production of infectious progeny virus; however, following stress stimulus, the virus can be reactivated into lytic infection, which is known as the latency-reactivation cycle. Recently, several research have indicated that alphaherpesvirus latency and reactivation is regulated by a complex interplay between virus, neurons, and the immune system. However, with those limited reports, the relevant advances in PRV latency are lagging behind. Therefore, in this review we focus on the regulatory mechanisms in PRV latency via summarizing the progress of PRV itself and that of other alphaherpesviruses, which will improve our understanding in the underlying mechanism of PRV latency and help design novel therapeutic strategies to control PRV latency.
伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）是引起猪伪狂犬病的病原体，也是威胁全球养猪业的最重要的传染性病原体之一。与其他α疱疹病毒一样，PRV 建立了终身潜伏感染，并在感染猪受到应激刺激后偶尔从潜伏状态中重新激活。潜伏感染的猪可以成为反复感染的来源，这是 PRV 根除的困难之一。病毒潜伏是指保留病毒完整基因组而不产生感染性后代病毒；然而，在应激刺激后，病毒可以被重新激活为裂解感染，这被称为潜伏-激活循环。最近，一些研究表明，α疱疹病毒的潜伏和激活是由病毒、神经元和免疫系统之间的复杂相互作用调节的。然而，由于这些有限的报道，PRV 潜伏相关的研究进展落后了。因此，在这篇综述中，我们通过总结 PRV 自身和其他α疱疹病毒的研究进展，重点关注 PRV 潜伏的调控机制，这将有助于我们理解 PRV 潜伏的潜在机制，并有助于设计新的治疗策略来控制 PRV 潜伏。
