DuRaine Grayson, Johnson David C
Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
Virology. 2021 Jul;559:65-73. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.02.011. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
α-herpesviruses have been very successful, principally because they establish lifelong latency in sensory ganglia. An essential piece of the lifecycle of α-herpesviruses involves the capacity to travel from sensory neurons to epithelial tissues following virus reactivation from latency, a process known as anterograde transport. Virus particles formed in neuron cell bodies hitchhike on kinesin motors that run along microtubules, the length of axons. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) have been intensely studied to elucidate anterograde axonal transport. Both viruses use similar strategies for anterograde transport, although there are significant differences in the form of virus particles transported in axons, the identity of the kinesins that transport viruses, and how certain viral membrane proteins, gE/gI and US9, participate in this process. This review compares the older models for HSV and PRV anterograde transport with recent results, which are casting a new light on several aspects of this process.
α疱疹病毒非常成功，主要是因为它们能在感觉神经节中建立终身潜伏感染。α疱疹病毒生命周期的一个关键环节是，在病毒从潜伏状态重新激活后，具备从感觉神经元传播到上皮组织的能力，这一过程称为顺行运输。在神经元细胞体中形成的病毒颗粒搭乘沿着微管（轴突的长度）运行的驱动蛋白。单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）和伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）已被深入研究，以阐明轴突顺行运输。两种病毒在顺行运输中采用相似的策略，尽管在轴突中运输的病毒颗粒形式、运输病毒的驱动蛋白的特性，以及某些病毒膜蛋白gE/gI和US9如何参与这一过程方面存在显著差异。本综述将HSV和PRV顺行运输的旧模型与近期结果进行了比较，这些结果为这一过程的几个方面带来了新的认识。
