Bude Sara Amanuel, Lu Zengjun, Zhao Zhixun, Zhang Qiang
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Sep 20;12(9):1078. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12091078.
: Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a highly infectious pathogen that affects a wide range of mammals and imposes a significant economic burden on the global pig industry. The viral envelope of PRV contains several glycoproteins, including glycoprotein E (gE) and glycoprotein B (gB), which play critical roles in immune recognition, vaccine development, and diagnostic procedures. Mutations in these glycoproteins may enhance virulence, highlighting the need for updated vaccines. : This review examines the functions of PRV gE and gB in vaccine development and diagnostics, focusing on their roles in viral replication, immune system interaction, and pathogenicity. Additionally, we explore recent findings on the importance of gE deletion in attenuated vaccines and the potential of gB to induce immunity. : Glycoprotein E (gE) is crucial for the virus's axonal transport and nerve invasion, facilitating transmission to the central nervous system. Deletion of gE is a successful strategy in vaccine development, enhancing the immune response. Glycoprotein B (gB) plays a central role in viral replication and membrane fusion, aiding viral spread. Mutations in these glycoproteins may increase PRV virulence, complicating vaccine efficacy. : With PRV glycoproteins being essential to both vaccine development and diagnostic approaches, future research should focus on enhancing these components to address emerging PRV variants. Updated vaccines and diagnostic tools are critical for combating new, more virulent strains of PRV.
伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）是一种高度传染性病原体，可感染多种哺乳动物，给全球养猪业带来巨大经济负担。PRV的病毒包膜包含几种糖蛋白，包括糖蛋白E（gE）和糖蛋白B（gB），它们在免疫识别、疫苗开发和诊断程序中发挥关键作用。这些糖蛋白的突变可能会增强毒力，凸显了更新疫苗的必要性。
本综述探讨了PRV gE和gB在疫苗开发和诊断中的功能，重点关注它们在病毒复制、免疫系统相互作用和致病性中的作用。此外，我们还探讨了关于减毒疫苗中gE缺失的重要性以及gB诱导免疫的潜力的最新研究结果。
糖蛋白E（gE）对病毒的轴突运输和神经侵袭至关重要，有助于病毒传播至中枢神经系统。gE缺失是疫苗开发中的一项成功策略，可增强免疫反应。糖蛋白B（gB）在病毒复制和膜融合中起核心作用，有助于病毒传播。这些糖蛋白的突变可能会增加PRV的毒力，使疫苗效力变得复杂。
由于PRV糖蛋白对疫苗开发和诊断方法都至关重要，未来的研究应专注于增强这些成分，以应对新出现的PRV变种。更新的疫苗和诊断工具对于对抗新的、毒性更强的PRV毒株至关重要。
