Faculty of Agriculture and Marshlands, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq.
Arch Razi Inst. 2022 Feb 28;77(1):477-481. doi: 10.22092/ARI.2021.356861.1932. eCollection 2022 Feb.
In recent years, the consumption of milk and dairy products has dramatically increased in several parts of the world. Different livestock plays an essential role in global milk production. This study was designed to evaluate different chemical and physical components of milk in four groups of livestock, including cows, buffalos, sheep, and goats. To this end, 200 raw milk samples were collected from cows, buffalos, sheep, and goats (n=50) across Dhi-Qar Governorate, Iraq, for a period of one year (from 01.10.2018 to 01.06.2019). The findings showed sheep and buffalos' milk samples had a significantly higher percentage of total solids (TS%), compared to cows and goats' milk samples (<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the TS% between sheep and buffalos' milk samples. Furthermore, the mean TS% values in cows, buffalos, sheep, and goats' milk samples were determined at 11.14%, 12.87%, 13.26%, and 11.33%, respectively. As for fat percentage (F%), buffalos' milk samples had significantly higher F% (4.80%), compared to milk samples of cows, sheep, and goats (<0.05). Additionally, sheep's milk samples had significantly higher F% (<0.05) than cows and goats' milk samples determined at 2.78%, 4.20%, and 2.98%, respectively. The findings showed the percentage of solids not fat (SNF%) was significantly higher in sheep's milk (8.97%), compared to milk samples of cows, buffalos, and goats (<0.05). Additionally, it was found that the SNF% was significantly higher (<0.05) in Buffalos' milk samples, compared to cows and goats' milk samples determined at 8.36%, 8.60%, and 8.35%, respectively. Moreover, the results revealed that the percentage of milk protein content in sheep's milk was significantly higher than the cows, buffalos, and goats' milk (<0.05). Recorded data also showed no significant differences in the percentage of milk lactose among cows, buffalos, sheep, and goats' milk samples (<0.05). Furthermore, the findings illustrated that the percentage of milk ash (Ash%) in sheep's milk samples was significantly higher than the cows, buffalos, as well as goats' milk samples (<0.05), and no significant differences were observed among cows, buffalos, and goats' milk samples in the Ash% (<0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences in the specific gravity among different milk samples (<0.05). Finally, the results displayed no significant differences between cows and goats' milk samples in all the studied traits (<0.05).
近年来，世界上许多地区的牛奶和奶制品消费大幅增加。不同的牲畜在全球牛奶生产中起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在评估包括奶牛、水牛、绵羊和山羊在内的四组牲畜的牛奶的不同化学和物理成分。为此，从伊拉克济加尔省的奶牛、水牛、绵羊和山羊（n=50）中采集了 200 份生奶样本，为期一年（2018 年 10 月 1 日至 2019 年 6 月 1 日）。研究结果表明，绵羊和水牛的奶样总固形物（TS%）百分比明显高于奶牛和山羊的奶样（<0.05）。然而，绵羊和水牛的奶样之间的 TS%没有显著差异。此外，奶牛、水牛、绵羊和山羊奶样的平均 TS%值分别为 11.14%、12.87%、13.26%和 11.33%。至于脂肪百分比（F%），水牛的奶样的 F%（4.80%）明显高于奶牛、绵羊和山羊的奶样（<0.05）。此外，绵羊的奶样的 F%明显高于奶牛和山羊的奶样（<0.05），分别为 2.78%、4.20%和 2.98%。研究结果表明，绵羊奶的非脂固体（SNF%）百分比明显高于奶牛、水牛和山羊的奶样（<0.05）。此外，还发现水牛的奶样的 SNF%明显高于奶牛和山羊的奶样（<0.05），分别为 8.36%、8.60%和 8.35%。此外，结果显示绵羊奶的乳蛋白含量百分比明显高于奶牛、水牛和山羊的奶样（<0.05）。记录的数据还表明，奶牛、水牛、绵羊和山羊的奶样中乳糖百分比没有显著差异（<0.05）。此外，研究结果表明，绵羊奶样的乳灰分（Ash%）百分比明显高于奶牛、水牛和山羊的奶样（<0.05），而奶牛、水牛和山羊的奶样之间的 Ash%没有显著差异（<0.05）。此外，不同奶样的比重没有显著差异（<0.05）。最后，研究结果显示，在所有研究性状中，奶牛和山羊的奶样之间没有显著差异（<0.05）。
