Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq.
Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Hospital, Najaf, Iraq.
Arch Razi Inst. 2022 Feb 28;77(1):221-228. doi: 10.22092/ARI.2021.356418.1839. eCollection 2022 Feb.
Aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles have been employed in many industries, which are widely abundant in many aspects of human life. The role of the aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles adjuvant is to enhance the immune response. However, the impact of nanoparticles exposure has not been perfectly investigated yet. Accordingly, some questions have been raised about their potentially harmful effects, based on which the current research aims to answer them. This study aimed to investigate the histological effects of aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles and bulk-aluminum hydroxide (bulk Al[OH]) on the liver, lung, heart, and kidney tissues. For this reason, an experiment was implemented on the aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles adjuvant in five neonatal mice. Intramuscularly, the mice were injected with 0.125 mL of adjuvanted vaccine, while five neonatal mice were injected with bulk and nanoparticles of Al (OH) and then sacrificed after one and two months, respectively. Vaccines were controlled by evaluating the histopathological response in neonatal mice. Subsequently, the pathological effect of both adjuvants was surveyed using the histological study of the lung, liver, heart, and kidney of the animals. The obtained recorded data indicated that both types of vaccine adjuvants caused pathological lesions on the histology sections of the liver, lung, heart, and kidney tissues. Moreover, bulk Al (OH) adjuvant vaccine was more effective and had a higher pathological response than aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles adjuvant vaccine. In addition, the total DNA content in both groups was estimated using Fluorometer from Promega. Compared to aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles groups, the tissues indicated a decrease in total DNA content obtained in bulk Al (OH) groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the exposure to aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles would result in less pronounced toxicity, as well as systemic inflammation, compared to the bulk Al (OH) aluminum hydroxide.
纳米氢氧化铝已被应用于许多行业，在人类生活的许多方面都广泛存在。纳米氢氧化铝佐剂的作用是增强免疫反应。然而，纳米颗粒暴露的影响尚未得到完美的研究。因此，基于这些问题，人们对其潜在的有害影响提出了一些质疑，当前的研究旨在回答这些问题。本研究旨在研究纳米氢氧化铝和块状氢氧化铝（块状 Al[OH]）对肝脏、肺、心脏和肾脏组织的组织学影响。为此，在 5 只新生小鼠中进行了纳米氢氧化铝佐剂的实验。肌肉内，给小鼠注射 0.125 mL 佐剂疫苗，同时给 5 只新生小鼠注射块状和纳米氢氧化铝，然后分别在 1 个月和 2 个月后处死。通过评估新生小鼠的组织病理学反应来控制疫苗。随后，通过对动物肺、肝、心和肾组织的组织学研究来调查两种佐剂的病理效应。获得的记录数据表明，两种类型的疫苗佐剂都在肝脏、肺、心脏和肾脏组织的组织学切片上引起了病理损伤。此外，块状 Al（OH）佐剂疫苗比纳米氢氧化铝佐剂疫苗更有效，具有更高的病理反应。此外，使用 Promega 的 Fluorometer 估计了两组的总 DNA 含量。与纳米氢氧化铝组相比，块状 Al（OH）组的组织总 DNA 含量减少。因此，可以得出结论，与块状 Al（OH）相比，纳米氢氧化铝的暴露导致的毒性和全身炎症程度较轻。
