Duut Miilon Sommik, Okyere Paul, Zakariah Ahmed Nuhu, Donkor Peter, Mock Charles
National Ambulance Service, Ashanti Branch, Kumasi, Ghana.
School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Afr J Emerg Med. 2022 Dec;12(4):315-320. doi: 10.1016/j.afjem.2022.06.010. Epub 2022 Jul 20.
Formal prehospital emergency medical services cover only a small percent of the population in most low- and middle-income countries. Increasing the involvement of laypersons in prehospital first aid can be an important part of the response to injuries and other medical emergencies. We sought to understand factors associated with the willingness of laypersons in Ghana to provide first aid to road traffic crash victims.
This cross-sectional study purposively sampled four crash-prone areas in the Ashanti Region and 385 participants were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used to ask about their demographic characteristics, first aid knowledge, and perceptions about first aid. Factors affecting willingness to provide first aid were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.
Most participants were male (57.7%) and young (median age 28 years). A large majority (82.9%) were willing to provide first aid to crash victims. However, only 43.1% had been trained in first aid and only 40.4% had adequate knowledge of first aid (≥ 70% correct). Factors associated with willingness to provide first aid included first aid knowledge (aOR 17.27 for moderate knowledge vs. low knowledge, p=0.018; aOR 13.63 for adequate knowledge vs. low knowledge, p=0.030) and positive attitudes towards first aid, including the feeling that: every person should be trained in first aid (aOR 2.98, p=0.025), first aid increases survival (aOR 2.79, p=0.046), it is important to learn first aid (aOR 2.40, p=0.005), and bystanders have the responsibility to give first aid (aOR 4.34, p<0.001).
A high percentage of people in these crash-prone areas of Ashanti Region, Ghana were willing to provide first aid. However, under half had been trained in first aid or had adequate knowledge of first aid. A major implication of these findings is the need to increase the availability of quality training in first aid in these areas.
在大多数低收入和中等收入国家，正规的院前急救服务仅覆盖一小部分人口。增加非专业人员参与院前急救可能是应对受伤和其他医疗紧急情况的重要组成部分。我们试图了解加纳非专业人员愿意为道路交通事故受害者提供急救的相关因素。
这项横断面研究有目的地在阿散蒂地区选取了四个事故多发地区，并对385名参与者进行了访谈。使用结构化问卷询问他们的人口统计学特征、急救知识以及对急救的看法。使用多变量逻辑回归评估影响提供急救意愿的因素。
大多数参与者为男性（57.7%）且较为年轻（中位年龄28岁）。绝大多数（82.9%）愿意为事故受害者提供急救。然而，只有43.1%的人接受过急救培训，只有40.4%的人具备足够的急救知识（正确率≥70%）。与提供急救意愿相关的因素包括急救知识（中等知识水平与低知识水平相比，调整后比值比为17.27，p = 0.018；足够知识水平与低知识水平相比，调整后比值比为13.63，p = 0.030）以及对急救的积极态度，包括认为：每个人都应该接受急救培训（调整后比值比为2.98，p = 0.025）、急救能提高生存率（调整后比值比为2.79，p = 0.046）、学习急救很重要（调整后比值比为2.40，p = 0.005）以及旁观者有责任提供急救（调整后比值比为4.34，p < 0.001）。
加纳阿散蒂地区这些事故多发地区的很大一部分人愿意提供急救。然而，不到一半的人接受过急救培训或具备足够的急救知识。这些发现的一个主要影响是需要在这些地区增加高质量急救培训的可及性。
