Eldesoukey Ibrahim E, Elmonir Walid, Alouffi Abdulaziz, Beleta Eman I M, Kelany Mohamed A, Elnahriry Shimaa Samir, Alghonaim Mohammed Ibrahim, alZeyadi Zeyad Abdullah, Elaadli Haitham
Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Jul 25;11(8):999. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11080999.
Enteropathogenic (EPEC) is a leading cause of diarrhoeagenic diseases in humans and cattle worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) EPEC from cattle sources is a public health concern. A total of 240 samples (75 diarrhoeic calves, 150 milk samples, and 15 workers) were examined for prevalence of EPEC in three dairy farms in Egypt. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) traits were determined by antibiogram and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of β-lactamase-encoding genes, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, and carbapenemase-encoding genes. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was assessed using repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR). EPEC isolates were detected in 22.7% (17/75) of diarrhoeic calves, 5.3% (8/150) of milk samples, and 20% (3/15) of worker samples. The detected serovars were O26 (5%), O111 (3.3%), O124 (1.6%), O126 (0.8%), and O55 (0.8%). AMR-EPEC (harbouring any AMR gene) was detected in 9.2% of samples. Among isolates, was the most detected gene (39.3%), followed by (32.1%) and (25%). The , , and genes were detected in 21.4%, 10.7%, and 7.1% of isolates, respectively. The gene was detected in 14.3% of isolates. All EPEC (100%) isolates were MDR. High resistance rates were reported for ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (89.3%), cefazolin (71%), and ciprofloxacin (64.3%). Three O26 isolates and two O111 isolates showed the highest multiple-antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices (0.85-0.92); these isolates harboured and genes, respectively. REP-PCR genotyping showed high genetic diversity of EPEC, although isolates belonging to the same serotype or farm were clustered together. Two worker isolates (O111 and O26) showed high genetic similarity (80-95%) with diarrhoeic calf isolates of matched serotypes/farms. This may highlight potential inter-species transmission within the farm. This study highlights the potential high risk of cattle (especially diarrhoeic calves) as disseminators of MDR-EPEC and/or their AMR genes in the study area. Prohibition of non-prescribed use of antibiotics in dairy farms in Egypt is strongly warranted.
肠致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）是全球人类和牛腹泻性疾病的主要病因。源自牛的多重耐药性（MDR）EPEC的出现是一个公共卫生问题。在埃及的三个奶牛场，共检测了240份样本（75份腹泻犊牛样本、150份牛奶样本和15名工作人员样本）以确定EPEC的流行情况。通过抗菌谱以及β-内酰胺酶编码基因、质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因和碳青霉烯酶编码基因的聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测来确定抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）特征。使用基于重复外显子回文序列的PCR（REP-PCR）评估分离株的遗传相关性。在22.7%（17/75）的腹泻犊牛样本、5.3%（8/150）的牛奶样本和20%（3/15）的工作人员样本中检测到EPEC分离株。检测到的血清型为O26（5%）、O111（3.3%）、O124（1.6%）、O126（0.8%）和O55（0.8%）。在9.2%的样本中检测到AMR-EPEC（携带任何AMR基因）。在分离株中，最常检测到的基因是 （39.3%），其次是 （32.1%）和 （25%）。 、 和 基因分别在21.4%、10.7%和7.1%的分离株中检测到。在14.3%的分离株中检测到 基因。所有EPEC（100%）分离株均为多重耐药。氨苄西林（100%）、四环素（89.3%）、头孢唑林（71%）和环丙沙星（64.3%）的耐药率较高。三个O26分离株和两个O111分离株显示出最高的多重抗生素耐药性（MAR）指数（0.85 - 0.92）；这些分离株分别携带 和 基因。REP-PCR基因分型显示EPEC具有高度的遗传多样性，尽管属于同一血清型或同一农场的分离株聚集在一起。两名工作人员的分离株（O111和O26）与匹配血清型/农场的腹泻犊牛分离株显示出高度的遗传相似性（80 - 95%）。这可能突出了农场内潜在的种间传播。本研究强调了在研究区域内，牛（尤其是腹泻犊牛）作为MDR-EPEC和/或其AMR基因传播者的潜在高风险。强烈建议在埃及的奶牛场禁止非处方使用抗生素。
