Bassitta Rupert, Kronfeld Hanna, Bauer Johann, Schwaiger Karin, Hölzel Christina
Former Department of Animal Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Department for Animal Hygiene, Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jul 23;10(8):1485. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081485.
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria might be transferred via the foodchain. However, that risk is rarely tracked along different production steps, e.g., from pigs at farm to meat. To close that gap, we performed a prospective study in four conventional and two organic farms from the moment pigs entered the farm until meat sampling at slaughter. Antimicrobial use was recorded (0 to 11 agents). Antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS) against 26 antibiotics, including critically important substances, was tested by microdilution, and A-B-I-II-A-B--CTXM-EΔ1 were included in PCR-genotyping. From 244 meat samples of 122 pigs, 54 samples (22.1%) from 45 animals were positive for ( = 198). MICs above the breakpoint/ECOFF occurred for all antibiotics except meropenem. One isolate from organic farming was markedly resistant against beta-lactams including fourth-generation cefalosporines. AMS patterns differed remarkably between isolates from one piece of meat, varying from monoresistance to 16-fold multiresistance. Amplicon-typing revealed high similarity between isolates at slaughter and on farm. Prior pig lots andeven the farmer might serve as reservoirs for isolated from meat at slaughter. However, AMS phenotyping and genotyping indicate that antimicrobial resistance in is highly dynamic, impairing reliable prediction of health risks from findings along the production chain.
耐抗菌药物的细菌可能通过食物链传播。然而，这种风险在不同的生产步骤中很少被追踪，例如从农场的猪到肉类。为了填补这一空白，我们在四个传统农场和两个有机农场进行了一项前瞻性研究，从猪进入农场开始，直到屠宰时进行肉类采样。记录了抗菌药物的使用情况（0至11种药物）。通过微量稀释法检测了对26种抗生素（包括极其重要的物质）的抗菌药敏性（AMS），并将A-B-I-II-A-B--CTXM-EΔ1纳入PCR基因分型。从122头猪的244份肉类样本中，45头动物的54份样本（22.1%）检测出（=198）呈阳性。除美罗培南外，所有抗生素的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）均高于断点值/流行病学临界值（ECOFF）。来自有机养殖的一株分离菌对包括第四代头孢菌素在内的β-内酰胺类药物具有明显抗性。同一块肉中的分离菌之间的AMS模式差异显著，从单耐药到16重耐药不等。扩增子分型显示屠宰时和农场中的分离菌之间具有高度相似性。先前的猪群甚至养殖户都可能是屠宰时从肉类中分离出的病菌的储存宿主。然而，AMS表型分析和基因分型表明，病菌中的抗菌耐药性具有高度动态性，这使得根据生产链中的发现可靠预测健康风险变得困难。
