Jung Da Hae, Son Gowoon, Kwon Oh-Hoon, Chang Keun-A, Moon Cheil
Department of Brain Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Jul 22;14(8):1532. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081532.
The key to current Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy is the early diagnosis for prompt intervention, since available treatments only slow the disease progression. Therefore, this lack of promising therapies has called for diagnostic screening tests to identify those likely to develop full-blown AD. Recent AD diagnosis guidelines incorporated core biomarker analyses into criteria, including amyloid-β (Aβ), total-tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). Though effective, the accessibility of screening tests involving conventional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)- and blood-based analyses is often hindered by the invasiveness and high cost. In an attempt to overcome these shortcomings, biomarker profiling research using non-invasive body fluid has shown the potential to capture the pathological changes in the patients' bodies. These novel non-invasive body fluid biomarkers for AD have emerged as diagnostic and pathological targets. Here, we review the potential peripheral biomarkers, including non-invasive peripheral body fluids of nasal discharge, tear, saliva, and urine for AD.
当前阿尔茨海默病（AD）治疗的关键在于早期诊断以便及时干预，因为现有的治疗方法只能减缓疾病进展。因此，由于缺乏有效的治疗方法，需要进行诊断性筛查测试，以识别那些可能发展为全面AD的患者。最近的AD诊断指南将核心生物标志物分析纳入标准，包括淀粉样β蛋白（Aβ）、总tau蛋白（T-tau）和磷酸化tau蛋白（P-tau）。尽管这些方法有效，但涉及传统脑脊液（CSF）和血液分析的筛查测试的可及性常常受到侵入性和高成本的阻碍。为了克服这些缺点，使用非侵入性体液进行生物标志物分析的研究显示出捕捉患者体内病理变化的潜力。这些用于AD的新型非侵入性体液生物标志物已成为诊断和病理靶点。在此，我们综述了潜在的外周生物标志物，包括用于AD诊断的鼻分泌物、泪液、唾液和尿液等非侵入性外周体液。
