Tao Jingyu, Lu Lingli
MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resource and Environment of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Toxics. 2022 Jul 22;10(8):411. doi: 10.3390/toxics10080411.
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is highly toxic for plants, animals, and human beings. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in Cd accumulation in plants is beneficial for developing strategies for either the remediation of Cd-polluted soils using hyperaccumulator plants or preventing excess Cd accumulation in the edible parts of crops and vegetables. As a ubiquitous heavy metal, the transport of Cd in plant cells is suggested to be mediated by transporters for essential elements such as Ca, Zn, K, and Mn. Identification of the genes encoding Cd transporters is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying Cd uptake, translocation, and accumulation in either crop or hyperaccumulator plants. Recent studies have shown that the transporters that mediate the uptake, transport, and accumulation of Cd in plants mainly include members of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp), heavy metal-transporting ATPase (HMA), zinc and iron regulated transporter protein (ZIP), ATP-binding cassette (ABC), and yellow stripe-like (YSL) families. Here, we review the latest advances in the research of these Cd transporters and lay the foundation for a systematic understanding underlying the molecular mechanisms of Cd uptake, transport, and accumulation in plants.
镉（Cd）是一种对植物、动物和人类都具有高毒性的重金属。更好地了解植物中镉积累所涉及的机制，有利于制定相关策略，即利用超积累植物修复镉污染土壤，或防止镉在农作物和蔬菜可食用部分过量积累。作为一种普遍存在的重金属，植物细胞中镉的转运被认为是由钙、锌、钾和锰等必需元素的转运蛋白介导的。鉴定编码镉转运蛋白的基因对于理解作物或超积累植物中镉吸收、转运和积累的潜在机制至关重要。最近的研究表明，介导植物中镉吸收、转运和积累的转运蛋白主要包括天然抗性相关巨噬细胞蛋白（Nramp）、重金属转运ATP酶（HMA）、锌铁调控转运蛋白（ZIP）、ATP结合盒（ABC）和类黄条纹蛋白（YSL）家族的成员。在此，我们综述了这些镉转运蛋白研究的最新进展，为系统理解植物中镉吸收、转运和积累的分子机制奠定基础。
