催产素：一种古老的激素，一种新型的精神药物及其在治疗精神障碍中的可能用途。

Oxytocin: An Old Hormone, a Novel Psychotropic Drug and its Possible Use in Treating Psychiatric Disorders.

机构信息

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy.

出版信息

Curr Med Chem. 2022;29(35):5615-5687. doi: 10.2174/0929867329666220727120646.

DOI:10.2174/0929867329666220727120646

PMID:35894453

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Oxytocin is a nonapeptide synthesized in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Historically, this molecule has been involved as a key factor in the formation of infant attachment, maternal behavior and pair bonding and, more generally, in linking social signals with cognition, behaviors and reward. In the last decades, the whole oxytocin system has gained a growing interest as it was proposed to be implicated in etiopathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.

METHODS

With the main goal of an in-depth understanding of the oxytocin role in the regulation of different functions and complex behaviors as well as its intriguing implications in different neuropsychiatric disorders, we performed a critical review of the current state of the art. We carried out this work through the PubMed database up to June 2021 with the search terms: 1) "oxytocin and neuropsychiatric disorders"; 2) "oxytocin and neurodevelopmental disorders"; 3) "oxytocin and anorexia"; 4) "oxytocin and eating disorders"; 5) "oxytocin and obsessive- compulsive disorder"; 6) "oxytocin and schizophrenia"; 7) "oxytocin and depression"; 8) "oxytocin and bipolar disorder"; 9) "oxytocin and psychosis"; 10) "oxytocin and anxiety"; 11) "oxytocin and personality disorder"; 12) "oxytocin and PTSD".

RESULTS

Biological, genetic, and epigenetic studies highlighted quality and quantity modifications in the expression of oxytocin peptide or in oxytocin receptor isoforms. These alterations would seem to be correlated with a higher risk of presenting several neuropsychiatric disorders belonging to different psychopathological spectra. Collaterally, the exogenous oxytocin administration has shown to ameliorate many neuropsychiatric clinical conditions.

CONCLUSION

Finally, we briefly analyzed the potential pharmacological use of oxytocin in a patient with severe symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and immunoregulatory properties.

摘要

背景

催产素是在下丘脑的室旁核和视上核合成的九肽。从历史上看，这种分子一直是婴儿依恋、母性行为和配对结合形成的关键因素，更普遍的是，它将社会信号与认知、行为和奖励联系起来。在过去的几十年中，整个催产素系统因其被认为与几种神经发育和神经精神障碍的病因发病机制有关而引起了越来越多的关注。

方法

为了深入了解催产素在调节不同功能和复杂行为中的作用及其在不同神经精神障碍中的有趣影响，我们对当前的研究现状进行了批判性的回顾。我们通过 PubMed 数据库在 2021 年 6 月之前进行了这项工作，使用的搜索词是：1）“催产素和神经精神障碍”；2）“催产素和神经发育障碍”；3）“催产素和厌食症”；4）“催产素和饮食失调”；5）“催产素和强迫症”；6）“催产素和精神分裂症”；7）“催产素和抑郁症”；8）“催产素和双相情感障碍”；9）“催产素和精神病”；10）“催产素和焦虑症”；11）“催产素和人格障碍”；12）“催产素和创伤后应激障碍”。