Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Lodz, Poland.
Department of Gynaecology Procreation and Therapy of Fetus, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Lodz, Poland.
Ginekol Pol. 2023;94(4):309-314. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2022.0020. Epub 2022 Jul 27.
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether diabetes during pregnancy affects the development of the fetal immune system. The background: evaluation of potential complications in diabetic pregnancy. The objective is evaluation of the significance of a new ultrasound method of thymus size in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.
The analysis was performed with the use of IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 software. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of two groups, i.e., diabetic pregnancies and non-diabetic pregnancies, whereas Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare multiple groups. A linear regression model was used to determine the correlation between the type of diabetes and fetal thymus size as well as between maternal body mass index (BMI) and fetal thymus size. The significance level α was set at 0.05.
A comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancies was made with the use of Kruskal-Wallis H test. The compared groups included women without gestational diabetes, with pre-gestational diabetes, gestational diabetes managed by diet and gestational diabetes treated with insulin and diet. The analysis revealed significant differences between the compared groups, H (3) = 23.06; p < 0.001; ƞ2 = 0.04. The additional post hoc Dunn's test with Bonferroni correction of the significance level was used to explore specific differences between group means. The results of this detailed analysis indicated that foetuses of diabetic mothers treated with diet had smaller thymus than foetuses of non-diabetic mothers (p = 0.001). Linear regression analysis was used to establish whether maternal BMI (defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height and expressed in units of kg/m²) affects fetal thymus size. The analysis found no correlation between maternal BMI divided into the following categories: 18.5-24.99 normal weight, 25-29.99 overweight, 30.00-34.99 obese class I, 35.00-39.99 obese class II and ≥ 40.00 very severely obese, and fetal thymus size, b = -1.82; SE = 2.17; t = -0.84; p = 0.405; R2 < 0.01.
Thymus size is statistically smaller in foetuses of diabetic mothers when compared to healthy controls. Overweighted and obese pregnancy is not a factor affecting fetal thymus size.
本研究旨在证明妊娠期间的糖尿病是否会影响胎儿免疫系统的发育。背景：评估糖尿病妊娠的潜在并发症。目的是评估新的超声方法评估糖尿病合并妊娠的胸腺大小的意义。
采用 IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 软件进行分析。采用 Mann-Whitney U 检验比较糖尿病妊娠和非糖尿病妊娠两组，采用 Kruskal-Wallis H 检验比较多组。采用线性回归模型确定糖尿病类型与胎儿胸腺大小之间以及母亲体重指数（BMI）与胎儿胸腺大小之间的相关性。显著性水平α设定为 0.05。
采用 Kruskal-Wallis H 检验比较糖尿病妊娠和非糖尿病妊娠。比较的组包括无妊娠期糖尿病的妇女、孕前糖尿病妇女、饮食管理的妊娠期糖尿病妇女和胰岛素和饮食治疗的妊娠期糖尿病妇女。分析显示，比较组之间存在显著差异，H（3）=23.06；p<0.001；ƞ2=0.04。采用事后多重比较 Dunn 检验，对显著性水平进行 Bonferroni 校正，以探讨组间均值的具体差异。详细分析结果表明，饮食治疗的糖尿病母亲的胎儿胸腺小于非糖尿病母亲的胎儿（p=0.001）。采用线性回归分析确定母亲 BMI（定义为体重除以身高的平方，并以 kg/m²为单位表示）是否影响胎儿胸腺大小。分析未发现母亲 BMI 分为以下类别与胎儿胸腺大小之间存在相关性：18.5-24.99 正常体重、25-29.99 超重、30.00-34.99 肥胖 I 级、35.00-39.99 肥胖 II 级和≥40.00 极重度肥胖，b=-1.82；SE=2.17；t=-0.84；p=0.405；R2<0.01。
与健康对照组相比，糖尿病母亲的胎儿胸腺大小在统计学上较小。超重和肥胖妊娠不是影响胎儿胸腺大小的因素。
