肥胖儿童和青少年的自我形象、自尊和抑郁。

Self-image, self-esteem and depression in children and adolescents with and without obesity.

机构信息

Family Medicine Unit 6, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS).

Specialty Hospital, Centro Médico Nacional "Manuel Ávila Camacho", IMSS.

出版信息

Gac Med Mex. 2022;158(3):118-123. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M22000653.

DOI:10.24875/GMM.M22000653

PMID:35894745

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

In Mexico, the prevalence of childhood obesity is 35%, and it continues to increase.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the correlation between self-image, self-esteem and depression in children aged 8 to 14 years with and without obesity.

METHODS

Cross-sectional, comparative study of 295 children: 116 with overweight/obesity (group 1) and 179 with normal weight (group 2). Body mass index, scholarship, school achievement, school problems, socioeconomic status, self-image (current, desired), satisfaction, self-esteem and presence of depression were recorded. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's rho and Mann-Whitney's U-test were used; a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

In group 1, 53.4% perceived themselves as with normal weight, and in 77.6%, the desired self-image was normal weight; 67.2% wanted to be slimmer; in 53.4%, self-esteem was high, and 75.9% had no depression. In group 2, current self-image was normal weight in 79.3%, and the desired self-image was normal weight in 85.5%; 35.2% wanted to be slimmer; self-esteem was high in 49.7% and 77.1% had no depression. Significant correlations were observed for self-esteem-depression (r = 0.228) and self-esteem-socioeconomic status (r = 0.130).

CONCLUSIONS

Current self-image and body satisfaction are different with and without obesity. The relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms begins at school age.

摘要

简介

在墨西哥，儿童肥胖的患病率为 35%，且仍在不断上升。

目的

确定肥胖和非肥胖 8 至 14 岁儿童的自我形象、自尊和抑郁之间的相关性。

方法

对 295 名儿童进行了横断面、对照研究：116 名超重/肥胖（第 1 组）和 179 名体重正常（第 2 组）。记录了体重指数、奖学金、学业成绩、学校问题、社会经济地位、自我形象（当前、期望）、满意度、自尊和抑郁的存在。使用描述性统计、Spearman rho 和 Mann-Whitney U 检验；p 值≤0.05 为显著。

结果

第 1 组中，有 53.4%的人认为自己体重正常，而 77.6%的人期望的自我形象是体重正常；67.2%的人希望更苗条；53.4%的人自尊心高，75.9%的人没有抑郁。在第 2 组中，当前自我形象为体重正常的占 79.3%，期望的自我形象为体重正常的占 85.5%；35.2%的人希望更苗条；49.7%的人自尊心高，77.1%的人没有抑郁。自尊与抑郁（r = 0.228）和自尊与社会经济地位（r = 0.130）呈显著相关。