Environmental Sustainability, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City 01219, Mexico.
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 23;19(15):8960. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19158960.
The concept of food environment refers to the opportunities; environments; and physical, economic, political, and socio-cultural conditions that frame the interaction of people with the food system and shape decisions about food acquisition and consumption. This study analyzes the relationships between the characteristics of urban environments and the availability of retail food through the evaluation of physical and financial access to food in the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico (MAVM) between 2010 and 2020. Using Geographic Information Systems (GISs), both physical access through network distance to economic food retail units and financial access through socioeconomic status at the block scale were evaluated. The network distance and socioeconomic status results were used as criteria for the spatially explicit classification of the MAVM into food deserts, oases, and swamps. Food deserts are the most abundant food environments but only increased in the third and fourth metropolitan contours. Swamps have increased throughout the city, related to the proliferation of convenience stores that have replaced grocery stores. This study contributes evidence at a local and regional scale required for the future urban planning of the MAVM and for public health and sustainability programs focusing on treating food-related diseases.
食品环境的概念是指框架人们与食品系统相互作用并影响食品获取和消费决策的机会、环境以及物质、经济、政治和社会文化条件。本研究通过评估墨西哥城山谷大都市区（MAVM）在 2010 年至 2020 年间的食物获取的物质和经济途径，分析城市环境特征与零售食品供应之间的关系。利用地理信息系统（GIS），评估了通过经济食品零售单位网络距离实现的物质获取途径和通过街区尺度的社会经济地位实现的经济获取途径。将网络距离和社会经济地位的结果作为标准，对 MAVM 进行空间明确的分类，分为食品荒漠、绿洲和沼泽。食品荒漠是最常见的食品环境，但仅在第三和第四个城市轮廓中增加。沼泽在整个城市中都有所增加，这与便利店的激增有关，便利店取代了杂货店。本研究为 MAVM 的未来城市规划以及关注治疗与食物相关疾病的公共卫生和可持续性计划提供了地方和区域尺度的证据。
