Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada.
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 12;17(10):3359. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103359.
Unhealthy eating and food insecurity are recognized risk factors for chronic diseases. Collective and environmental factors, such as geographic access to food condition food choices. The objective of this study was to map food deserts and food swamps in Gaspesie, a region of Quebec (Canada), using geographical information systems (GIS) and field validation. Eleven sectors (5 rural and 6 urban) where 5% of the Gaspesie population lives were considered food deserts. Eight sectors (all rural) constituting 4.5% of the population were considered food swamps. Nearly 88% (3/8) of food swamps were located in disadvantaged and very disadvantaged areas. The Gaspesie region is already actively involved in changing environments to make them conducive to healthy eating for all. The mapping of food deserts can support intersectoral collaboration on food security. Food swamp mapping will make it possible to more accurately characterize the existing food environment in the region. Both indicators will be useful in raising awareness and mobilizing partners for a comprehensive strategy to improve the food environment that is not only based on the food desert indicator alone but also takes into account the presence of food swamps.
不良饮食和食物不安全是慢性病的公认危险因素。集体和环境因素，如获得食物的地理条件，影响着食物选择。本研究的目的是利用地理信息系统（GIS）和实地验证，绘制魁北克加斯佩地区（加拿大）的食物荒漠和食物沼泽图。11 个（5 个农村和 6 个城市）人口占加斯佩地区 5%的地区被认为是食物荒漠。8 个（全部为农村）占人口 4.5%的地区被认为是食物沼泽。近 88%（3/8）的食物沼泽位于弱势和极弱势地区。加斯佩地区已经积极参与改变环境，使所有人都能更健康地饮食。绘制食物荒漠图可以支持各部门之间就粮食安全进行合作。绘制食物沼泽图将能够更准确地描述该地区现有的食物环境。这两个指标都将有助于提高认识，并动员合作伙伴制定一项全面的战略，以改善食物环境，不仅要基于食物荒漠指标，还要考虑到食物沼泽的存在。
