Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Soria, University of Valladolid, 42003 Soria, Spain.
Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 26;19(15):9095. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159095.
Athletes incorporate altitude training programs into their conventional training to improve their performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week altitude training program that was supplemented with intermittent hypoxic training (IHE) on the blood biomarkers, sports performance, and safety profiles of elite athletes. In a single-blind randomized clinical trial that followed the CONSORT recommendations, 24 male athletes were randomized to an IHE group (HA, n = 12) or an intermittent normoxia group (NA, n = 12). The IHE consisted of 5-min cycles of hypoxia−normoxia with an FIO2 of between 10−13% for 90 min every day for 8 weeks. Hematological (red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, hematocrit, reticulated hemoglobin, reticulocytes, and erythropoietin), immunological (leukocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes), and renal (urea, creatinine, glomerular filtrate, and total protein) biomarkers were assessed at the baseline (T1), day 28 (T2), and day 56 (T3). Sports performance was evaluated at T1 and T3 by measuring quadriceps strength and using three-time trials over the distances of 60, 400, and 1000 m on an athletics track. Statistically significant increases (p < 0.05) in erythropoietin, reticulocytes, hemoglobin, and reticulocyte hemoglobin were observed in the HA group at T3 with respect to T1 and the NA group. In addition, statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were achieved in all performance tests. No variations were observed in the immunological or renal biomarkers. The athletes who were living and training at 1065 m and were supplemented with IHE produced significant improvements in their hematological behavior and sports performance with optimal safety profiles.
运动员将高原训练计划纳入常规训练，以提高运动表现。本研究旨在确定为期 8 周的高原训练计划对精英运动员的血液生物标志物、运动表现和安全性的影响，该计划补充间歇性低氧训练（IHE）。在一项遵循 CONSORT 建议的单盲随机临床试验中，将 24 名男性运动员随机分为 IHE 组（HA，n = 12）或间歇性常氧组（NA，n = 12）。IHE 包括每天 90 分钟，每天进行 5 分钟的低氧-常氧循环，FIO2 在 10-13%之间。在基线（T1）、第 28 天（T2）和第 56 天（T3）时评估血液学（红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、红细胞比容、网织红细胞、网织红细胞血红蛋白和促红细胞生成素）、免疫学（白细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞）和肾脏（尿素、肌酐、肾小球滤过率和总蛋白）生物标志物。在 T1 和 T3 时，通过测量股四头肌力量和在田径场上进行 60、400 和 1000 米三次试验来评估运动表现。与 T1 和 NA 组相比，HA 组在 T3 时观察到促红细胞生成素、网织红细胞、血红蛋白和网织红细胞血红蛋白显著增加（p < 0.05）。此外，所有性能测试均取得了显著改善（p < 0.05）。免疫和肾脏生物标志物没有变化。在海拔 1065 米的地方生活和训练，并补充 IHE 的运动员在血液学行为和运动表现方面取得了显著改善，同时保持了最佳的安全性。
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