Department of Clinical Research, Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Laboratory of Immunology, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.
AIDS Rev. 2022;25(2):79-86. doi: 10.24875/AIDSRev.21000085.
Aging, a time-dependent loss of physiological function, and its drivers are turning into a significant topic of researchas the population's mean age increases. Epigenetic alterations, telomere shortening or dysfunction, mitogenic stress,oxidative stress, or accumulation of DNA damage can drive the cell to senescence a permanent cell cycle arrest sometimes associated with a secretory phenotype and inflammatory consequences in the surrounding tissue. The amount of senescent cellsgrows over time in older organisms and may induce tissue inflammation and threaten overall tissue homeostasis, favoring aging. Senolytic and senomorphic therapeuticsare an emerging approach to eliminate senescent cells or to block their secretoryphenotypes respectively. Given that people living with HIV suffer non-AIDS comorbidities in a higher prevalence than the general population, aging is accentuated among them. Inflammation biomarkers may be helpful to assess prognosis or act as surrogate endpoints for studies of strategies focused on reversal of HIV-associated accelerated aging. This review summarizes the latest findings in aging and its major drivers, under the light of HIV infection. Since the number of older PLWH is currently rising, it will be of great importance to address and treat their age-related conditions, as well as to better decipher their biological mechanisms.
衰老是一种与时间相关的生理功能丧失，随着人口平均年龄的增长，其驱动因素正成为一个重要的研究课题。表观遗传改变、端粒缩短或功能障碍、有丝分裂应激、氧化应激或 DNA 损伤的积累，都可能导致细胞衰老——一种永久性的细胞周期停滞，有时与周围组织的分泌表型和炎症后果相关。随着时间的推移，衰老细胞在老年生物体中的数量不断增加，可能会引发组织炎症，并威胁整体组织的动态平衡，从而加速衰老。衰老细胞清除疗法和衰老表型抑制疗法是分别消除衰老细胞或阻止其分泌表型的新兴方法。鉴于感染艾滋病毒的人群中非艾滋病合并症的发病率高于一般人群，他们的衰老更为明显。炎症生物标志物可能有助于评估预后，或作为针对旨在逆转与 HIV 相关的加速衰老的策略的研究的替代终点。本综述总结了 HIV 感染背景下衰老及其主要驱动因素的最新研究发现。鉴于目前老年 HIV 感染者的数量不断增加，解决和治疗他们与年龄相关的疾病，以及更好地破译他们的生物学机制，将变得非常重要。
