Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University.
Psychol Trauma. 2023 Sep;15(6):1012-1021. doi: 10.1037/tra0001300. Epub 2022 Jul 28.
The social-ecological resilience framework posits that the development of negative psychological outcomes (NPO) following alcohol-involved sexual assault (AISA) is influenced by the interaction of sociocultural and individual risk and protective factors. AISA survivors may be particularly vulnerable to AISA stigma (e.g., victim-blaming rape myths), a sociocultural risk factor which, if internalized, may increase individual risk factors such as self-blame, low-self-compassion, and fear of self-compassion (FOSC), in turn contributing to subsequent NPO.
This qualitative study explored AISA survivors' lived experiences regarding AISA stigma, self-blame, self-compassion, and FOSC as interrelated risk and protective factors in fostering or impeding resilience.
Eight participants ( = 25.8 years old) who survived AISA completed individual qualitative interviews that were later coded using thematic analysis.
Analyses produced three interrelated main themes, where AISA survivors described experiencing: (a) various NPO corresponding to PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms; (b) risk factors that undermined resilience, including internalized self-blame secondary to sociocultural AISA stigma, low self-compassion, FOSC, and preexisting maladaptive tendencies; and (c) protective factors contributing to resilience, including resisting self-blame and facilitating self-compassion by living according to one's values and challenging FOSC.
Consistent with the social-ecological framework, AISA survivors' resilience toward NPO was undermined by the interrelated constructs of AISA stigma, internalized self-blame, and low self-compassion. In contrast, survivors' values, including being empathic and committed to feminism, fueled motivation to resist victim-blaming stigma and internalized self-blame and to practice self-compassion, ultimately countering the negative psychological effects of AISA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
社会生态弹性框架认为，在酒精相关的性侵犯（AISA）之后出现负面心理结果（NPO）的发展受到社会文化和个体风险和保护因素的相互作用的影响。AISA 幸存者可能特别容易受到 AISA 耻辱感（例如，对受害者的指责，强奸神话）的影响，这是一种社会文化风险因素，如果被内化，可能会增加个体风险因素，如自责、低自我同情和对自我同情的恐惧（FOSC），从而导致随后的 NPO。
本定性研究探讨了 AISA 幸存者在促进或阻碍弹性方面，将 AISA 耻辱感、自责、自我同情和 FOSC 视为相互关联的风险和保护因素时，对 AISA 耻辱感、自责、自我同情和 FOSC 的亲身经历。
八名（=25.8 岁）经历过 AISA 的参与者完成了个人定性访谈，随后使用主题分析对访谈进行了编码。
分析产生了三个相互关联的主题，其中 AISA 幸存者描述了经历：（a）对应 PTSD、焦虑和抑郁症状的各种 NPO；（b）破坏弹性的风险因素，包括由于 AISA 耻辱感的社会文化内化而产生的自责、低自我同情、FOSC 和先前存在的适应不良倾向；和（c）有助于恢复力的保护因素，包括通过按照自己的价值观生活和挑战 FOSC 来抵制自责和促进自我同情。
与社会生态框架一致，AISA 幸存者对 NPO 的弹性因 AISA 耻辱感、内化的自责和低自我同情等相互关联的结构而受到破坏。相比之下，幸存者的价值观，包括富有同情心和致力于女权主义，激发了抵制指责受害者耻辱感和内化的自责的动力，并实践自我同情，最终抵消了 AISA 的负面心理影响。
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