Tomas Carissa W, Webb E Kate, Bennett Kenneth P, Huggins Ashley A, Fitzgerald Jacklynn M, Miskovich Tara A, Krukowki Jessica, deRoon-Cassini Terri A, Larson Christine L
Institute for Health and Equity (CWT), Division of Epidemiology, Medical College of Wisconsin; Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (TAd-C), Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin; Department of Psychology (EKW, CLL), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Department of Psychology (JMF, JK), Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; VA Montana Health Care System (KPB), Helena, Montana; Brain Imaging and Analysis Center (AAH), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and the Sacramento VA (TAM), Sacramento, California.
Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2022 Jul;2(3):263-272. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.02.006. Epub 2022 Mar 2.
Individuals residing in more socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods experience greater uncertainty through insecurity of basic needs such as food, employment, and housing, compared with more advantaged neighborhoods. Although the neurobiology of uncertainty has been less frequently examined in relation to neighborhood disadvantage, there is evidence that neighborhood disadvantage is associated with widespread neural alterations.
Recently traumatically injured participants ( = 90) completed a picture anticipation task in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner, in which they viewed images presented in a temporally predictable or unpredictable manner. We investigated how neighborhood disadvantage (via area deprivation index [ADI]) was related to neural activation during anticipation and presentation of negative and neutral images after accounting for individual factors (i.e., age, gender, income, acute posttraumatic stress symptoms).
There was a significant interaction during the anticipation period such that higher ADI rankings were related to greater activation of the right anterior cingulate cortex to predictable versus unpredictable neutral stimuli. Although no other robust interactions emerged related to ADI, we note several novel simple effects of ADI during anticipation and presentation periods in the hippocampus and prefrontal, cingulate, and occipital cortices.
Together, these results may represent an adaptive response to predictable and/or negative stimuli, stemming from chronic exposure to socioeconomic-based uncertainties. Although effects were modest, future work should continue to examine pretrauma context on posttrauma outcomes. To better understand trauma outcomes, it is imperative that researchers consider the broader context in which trauma survivors reside.
与条件更优越的社区相比，生活在社会经济条件较差社区的个人，由于食品、就业和住房等基本需求得不到保障，会经历更大的不确定性。尽管关于不确定性的神经生物学与社区劣势之间的关系较少受到研究，但有证据表明，社区劣势与广泛的神经改变有关。
近期遭受创伤的参与者（n = 90）在磁共振成像扫描仪中完成了一项图片预期任务，在该任务中，他们观看以时间可预测或不可预测方式呈现的图像。在考虑了个体因素（即年龄、性别、收入、急性创伤后应激症状）后，我们研究了社区劣势（通过区域剥夺指数[ADI]）与在预期以及呈现负面和中性图像期间的神经激活之间的关系。
在预期期间存在显著的交互作用，即较高的ADI排名与右侧前扣带回皮层对可预测与不可预测中性刺激的更大激活有关。尽管没有出现与ADI相关的其他显著交互作用，但我们注意到在海马体以及前额叶、扣带回和枕叶皮层的预期和呈现期间，ADI有几个新的简单效应。
总之，这些结果可能代表了对可预测和/或负面刺激的适应性反应，这种反应源于长期暴露于基于社会经济的不确定性。尽管影响较小，但未来研究应继续考察创伤前背景对创伤后结果的影响。为了更好地理解创伤结果，研究人员必须考虑创伤幸存者所处的更广泛背景。
