Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico.
Psychology Clinical Neurosciences Center, The University of New Mexico.
Psychol Sci. 2020 Jul;31(7):881-889. doi: 10.1177/0956797620929299. Epub 2020 Jun 30.
Implementing motivated behaviors on the basis of prior reward is central to adaptive human functioning, but aberrant reward-motivated behavior is a core feature of neuropsychiatric illness. Children from disadvantaged neighborhoods have decreased access to rewards, which may shape motivational neurocircuits and risk for psychopathology. Here, we leveraged the unprecedented neuroimaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to test the hypothesis that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage shapes the functional recruitment of motivational neurocircuits in children. Specifically, via the ABCD study's monetary-incentive-delay task ( = 6,396 children; age: 9-10 years), we found that children from zip codes with a high Area Deprivation Index demonstrate blunted recruitment of striatum (dorsal and ventral nuclei) and pallidum during reward anticipation. In fact, blunted dorsal striatal recruitment during reward anticipation mediated the association between Area Deprivation Index and increased attention problems. These data reveal a candidate mechanism driving elevated risk for psychopathology in children from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods.
基于先前奖励来实施激励行为是人类适应功能的核心，但异常的奖励动机行为是神经精神疾病的核心特征。来自贫困社区的儿童获得奖励的机会减少，这可能会影响激励性神经回路的形成和精神病理学的风险。在这里，我们利用青少年大脑认知发展研究（ABCD）中的前所未有的神经影像学数据来检验这一假设，即社会经济劣势的社区环境塑造了儿童激励性神经回路的功能募集。具体来说，通过 ABCD 研究的货币激励延迟任务（=6396 名儿童；年龄：9-10 岁），我们发现邮政编码地区剥夺指数较高的儿童在奖励预期时纹状体（背侧和腹侧核）和苍白球的募集减少。事实上，奖励预期期间背侧纹状体募集减少介导了地区剥夺指数与注意力问题增加之间的关联。这些数据揭示了一个候选机制，该机制可能导致来自社会经济劣势社区的儿童出现更高的精神病理学风险。
