College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Jul 12;10:860974. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.860974. eCollection 2022.
Living arrangement of the elderly is one of the most important components that affect their quality of life in later years. The aging, with the phenomenon of low fertility rate and family structure transformation, has caused changes in the living arrangements of the elderly. This research aimed to find the elderly's living arrangement preferences and influencing factors.
The data were obtained from The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in the 2018, and the sample was comprised of 9,638 individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Independent variables were divided into social support, health status and so-economic status. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between the above variates and living arrangement preferences.
Currently, in terms of living arrangement preferences, nearly half (45.6%) of the respondents choose not to live with their children. The binary model results showed that elderly who were married (OR = 0.166, 95% CI: 0.147-0.187), experienced more than 6 years of education (OR = 0.600, 95% CI: 0.517-0.695), ability of daily living (ADL) impaired (OR = 0.810, 95% CI: 0.720-0.912), suffering from multiple chronic diseases (OR = 0.803, 95% CI: 0.720-0.912), and obtained community services (OR = 0.884, 95% CI: 0.803-0.972) incline to not live with their children. The elderly who living in rural areas (OR = 1.244, 95% CI: 1.129-1.371), with an income of more than 500,000 yuan per year (OR = 1.557, 95% CI: 1.380-1.757), having children visiting regularly (OR = 1.405, 95% CI: 1.161-1.707) and receiving children's financial support (OR = 1.194, 95% CI: 1.080-1.319) are more likely to choose to live with their children.
This study found that the living arrangement preferences of the elderly were affected by social support and health status, and living with children is no longer the only option for the elderly these days. The elderly care services provided by communities or professional care institutions may become the mainstream of taking care of the elderly citizens in the aging society. Improving the types and forms of community nursing services to increase the accessibility of these services; setting up elderly care institutions reasonably and equipping adequate professional nursing staff should be considered as priority measures.
老年人的居住安排是影响其晚年生活质量的最重要因素之一。随着人口老龄化、低生育率和家庭结构转型，老年人的居住安排发生了变化。本研究旨在探讨老年人的居住安排偏好及其影响因素。
数据来自 2018 年中国老年健康长寿调查（CLHLS），样本包括 9638 名年龄≥60 岁的个体。自变量分为社会支持、健康状况和社会经济状况。采用卡方检验和二项逻辑回归分析上述变量与居住安排偏好的关系。
目前，在居住安排偏好方面，近一半（45.6%）的受访者选择不与子女同住。二元模型结果显示，已婚老年人（OR=0.166，95%CI：0.147-0.187）、受教育年限超过 6 年（OR=0.600，95%CI：0.517-0.695）、日常生活能力（ADL）受损（OR=0.810，95%CI：0.720-0.912）、患有多种慢性疾病（OR=0.803，95%CI：0.720-0.912）和获得社区服务（OR=0.884，95%CI：0.803-0.972）的老年人更倾向于不与子女同住。居住在农村地区的老年人（OR=1.244，95%CI：1.129-1.371）、年收入超过 50 万元（OR=1.557，95%CI：1.380-1.757）、子女定期探望（OR=1.405，95%CI：1.161-1.707）和接受子女经济支持（OR=1.194，95%CI：1.080-1.319）的老年人更倾向于选择与子女同住。
本研究发现，老年人的居住安排偏好受到社会支持和健康状况的影响，与子女同住不再是老年人的唯一选择。社区或专业护理机构提供的老年人护理服务可能成为老龄化社会照顾老年人的主流。应考虑增加社区护理服务的类型和形式，提高这些服务的可及性；合理设置养老院，并配备足够的专业护理人员，作为优先措施。
