与感染阿尔法病毒株的患者相比，感染 SARS-CoV-2 奥密克戎变异株的患者的临床和肺部 CT 特征。
Clinical and Pulmonary CT Characteristics of Patients Infected With the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Compared With Those of Patients Infected With the Alpha Viral Strain.
机构信息
Department of Infectious Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 Jul 12;10:931480. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.931480. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Omicron has become the dominant variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) globally. We aimed to compare the clinical and pulmonary computed tomography (CT) characteristics of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron with those of patients infected with the Alpha viral strain.
METHODS
Clinical profiles and pulmonary CT images of 420 patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) at Ningbo First Hospital between January 2020 and April 2022 were collected. Demographic characteristics, symptoms, and imaging manifestations of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant were compared with those of patients infected with the Alpha strain.
RESULTS
A total of 38 patients were diagnosed to be infected with the Alpha strain of SARS-CoV-2, whereas 382 patients were thought to be infected with the Omicron variant. Compared with patients infected with the Alpha strain, those infected with the Omicron variant were younger, and a higher proportion of men were infected ( < 0.001). Notably, 93 (24.3%) of the patients infected with Omicron were asymptomatic, whereas only two (5.3%) of the patients infected with the Alpha strain were asymptomatic. Fever (65.8%), cough (63.2%), shortness of breath (21.1%), and diarrhea (21.1%) were more common in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha strain, while runny nose (24.1%), sore throat (31.9%), body aches (13.6%), and headache (12.3%) were more common in patients with the Omicron variant. Compared with 33 (86.84%) of 38 patients infected with the Alpha strain, who had viral pneumonia on pulmonary CT images, only 5 (1.3%) of 382 patients infected with the Omicron variant had mild foci. In addition, the distribution of opacities in the five patients was unilateral and centrilobular, whereas most patients infected with the Alpha strain had bilateral involvement and multiple lesions in the peripheral zones of the lung.
CONCLUSION
The SARS-CoV-2 Alpha strain mainly affects the lungs, while Omicron is confined to the upper respiratory tract in patients with COVID-19.
背景
奥密克戎已成为全球严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的主要变异株。我们旨在比较感染 SARS-CoV-2 奥密克戎变异株与感染阿尔法变异株的患者的临床和肺部计算机断层扫描 (CT) 特征。
方法
收集了 2020 年 1 月至 2022 年 4 月在宁波第一医院诊断为 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的 420 例患者的临床资料和肺部 CT 图像。比较了感染 SARS-CoV-2 奥密克戎变异株患者的人口统计学特征、症状和影像学表现与感染阿尔法变异株患者的差异。
结果
共诊断 38 例患者感染 SARS-CoV-2 阿尔法株，382 例患者感染奥密克戎变异株。与感染阿尔法株的患者相比，感染奥密克戎变异株的患者更年轻，且男性感染比例更高（<0.001）。值得注意的是，93 例（24.3%）奥密克戎感染患者无症状，而阿尔法株感染患者中仅 2 例（5.3%）无症状。发热（65.8%）、咳嗽（63.2%）、呼吸急促（21.1%）和腹泻（21.1%）在感染 SARS-CoV-2 阿尔法株的患者中更为常见，而流涕（24.1%）、咽痛（31.9%）、肌肉酸痛（13.6%）和头痛（12.3%）在奥密克戎变异株感染患者中更为常见。与感染阿尔法株的 38 例患者中 33 例（86.84%）肺部 CT 图像有病毒性肺炎相比，感染奥密克戎变异株的 382 例患者中仅有 5 例（1.3%）有轻度病灶。此外，5 例奥密克戎患者的混浊分布为单侧和小叶中心性，而感染阿尔法株的大多数患者有双侧受累和肺部外周区的多个病变。
结论
SARS-CoV-2 阿尔法株主要影响肺部，而奥密克戎变异株在 COVID-19 患者中局限于上呼吸道。
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