Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Philosophy and History of Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
Evol Psychol. 2022 Jul-Sep;20(3):14747049221112657. doi: 10.1177/14747049221112657.
Humans infected by express no specific symptoms but manifest higher incidence of many diseases, disorders and differences in personality and behavior. The aim of this study was to compare the political beliefs and values of -infected and -free participants. We measured beliefs and values of 2315 responders via an online survey (477 -infected) using the Political Beliefs and Values Inventory (PI34). This study showed -infected and -free participants of our cross-sectional study differed in three of four factors of PI34, scoring higher in Tribalism and lower in Cultural liberalism and Anti-Authoritarianism. We found sex differences in political beliefs associated with infection. Infected women scored higher in tribalism and lower in cultural liberalism, compared with the -free control group, while infected men scored higher in economic equity. These results fit with sexual differences in behavior and attitude observed after toxoplasmosis infection. Controlling for the effect of worse physical health and mental health had little impact, suggesting that impaired health did not cause these changes. Rather than adaptation to prevalence of parasites, as suggested by parasite-stress theory, the differences might be side-effects of long-term mild inflammatory reaction. However, to get clear picture of the mild inflammation effects, more research focused on different infectious diseases is needed.
人类感染后通常没有特定的症状，但会表现出更高的多种疾病发病率、紊乱和人格与行为差异。本研究旨在比较感染和未感染参与者的政治信仰和价值观。我们通过在线调查（477 名感染者）使用政治信仰和价值观问卷（PI34）测量了 2315 名应答者的信仰和价值观。本研究表明，我们的横断面研究中的感染组和未感染组在 PI34 的四个因素中的三个方面存在差异，在部落主义方面得分较高，而在文化自由主义和反权威主义方面得分较低。我们发现与感染相关的政治信仰存在性别差异。与未感染对照组相比，感染女性在部落主义方面的得分更高，在文化自由主义方面的得分更低，而感染男性在经济公平方面的得分更高。这些结果与弓形虫感染后观察到的行为和态度的性别差异相吻合。控制身体健康和心理健康状况较差的影响几乎没有影响，这表明健康状况不佳不会导致这些变化。这些差异可能不是寄生虫压力理论所建议的对寄生虫流行的适应，而是长期轻度炎症反应的副作用。然而，要更清楚地了解轻度炎症的影响，还需要更多针对不同传染病的研究。
