Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
University of Maryl and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA.
Microbiome. 2024 Apr 12;12(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s40168-024-01788-y.
The utilization of mulberry branch fiber (MF), the largest by-product of the sericulture industry, is an important issue. Supplementation with MF as a dietary fiber for poultry may serve as a useful application. However, little is known about the effects of MF on liver lipid metabolism and egg yolk fatty acid composition of laying hens and their underlying mechanisms. In this study, we performed a multi-omics investigation to explore the variations in liver lipid metabolism, egg yolk fatty acid composition, gut microbiota, and the associations among them induced by dietary MF in laying hens.
Dietary MF had no harmful effects on the laying performance or egg quality in laying hens. The enzyme activities associated with lipid metabolism in the liver were altered by the addition of 5% MF, resulting in reduced liver fat accumulation. Furthermore, dietary 5% MF induced the variation in the fatty acid profiles of egg yolk, and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. We observed a significant reduction in the diversity of both gut bacteria and changes in their compositions after the addition of MF. Dietary MF significantly increased the abundance of genes involved in fatty acid biodegradation, and short-chain fatty acids biosynthesis in the gut microbiota of laying hens. The significant correlations were observed between the liver lipid metabolism enzyme activities of hepatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and total esterase with gut microbiota, including negative correlations with gut microbiota diversity, and multiple correlations with gut bacteria and viruses. Moreover, various correlations between the contents of PUFAs and monounsaturated fatty acids in egg yolk with the gut microbiota were obtained. Based on partial-least-squares path modeling integrated with the multi-omics datasets, we deduced the direct effects of liver enzyme activities and gut bacterial compositions on liver fat content and the roles of liver enzyme activities and gut bacterial diversity on egg yolk fatty acid composition.
The results indicate that dietary MF is beneficial to laying hens as it reduces the liver fat and improves egg yolk fatty acid composition through the enterohepatic axis. Video Abstract.
桑枝纤维（MF）是蚕丝产业最大的副产物，如何利用它是一个重要的问题。将 MF 作为膳食纤维添加到家禽饲料中可能是一种有用的应用。然而，人们对 MF 对产蛋鸡肝脏脂质代谢和蛋黄脂肪酸组成的影响及其潜在机制知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们进行了多组学研究，以探索饲料 MF 对产蛋鸡肝脏脂质代谢、蛋黄脂肪酸组成、肠道微生物群及其相互关联的变化。
MF 对产蛋鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质没有不良影响。添加 5%MF 会改变肝脏中与脂质代谢相关的酶活性，从而减少肝脏脂肪堆积。此外，饲料 5%MF 诱导蛋黄脂肪酸谱发生变化，增加多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量。我们观察到添加 MF 后，肠道细菌的多样性显著降低，组成发生变化。MF 显著增加了产蛋鸡肠道微生物群中参与脂肪酸生物降解和短链脂肪酸生物合成的基因丰度。我们观察到肝脏脂肪酶、脂蛋白脂肪酶和总酯酶的肝脏脂质代谢酶活性与肠道微生物群之间存在显著相关性，包括与肠道微生物群多样性呈负相关，以及与肠道细菌和病毒呈多重相关。此外，还获得了蛋黄中多不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量与肠道微生物群之间的多种相关性。基于偏最小二乘路径模型与多组学数据集的整合，我们推断出肝脏酶活性和肠道细菌组成对肝脏脂肪含量的直接影响，以及肝脏酶活性和肠道细菌多样性对蛋黄脂肪酸组成的作用。
结果表明，饲料 MF 通过肠肝轴有利于产蛋鸡，可降低肝脏脂肪，改善蛋黄脂肪酸组成。视频摘要。
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