Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; email:
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; email:
Annu Rev Genet. 2022 Nov 30;56:113-143. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-072920-125226. Epub 2022 Jul 29.
The discovery of biased histone inheritance in asymmetrically dividing male germline stem cells demonstrates one means to produce two distinct daughter cells with identical genetic material. This inspired further studies in different systems, which revealed that this phenomenon may be a widespread mechanism to introduce cellular diversity. While the extent of asymmetric histone inheritance could vary among systems, this phenomenon is proposed to occur in three steps: first, establishment of histone asymmetry between sister chromatids during DNA replication; second, recognition of sister chromatids carrying asymmetric histone information during mitosis; and third, execution of this asymmetry in the resulting daughter cells. By compiling the current knowledge from diverse eukaryotic systems, this review comprehensively details and compares known chromatin factors, mitotic machinery components, and cell cycle regulators that may contribute to each of these three steps. Also discussed are potential mechanisms that introduce and regulate variable histone inheritance modes and how these different modes may contribute to cell fate decisions in multicellular organisms.
有丝分裂后不对称分裂的雄性生殖干细胞中偏倚性组蛋白遗传的发现，证明了一种产生具有相同遗传物质的两个不同子细胞的方法。这一发现激发了在不同系统中进一步的研究，揭示了这种现象可能是一种广泛存在的产生细胞多样性的机制。尽管不对称组蛋白遗传的程度在不同系统中可能有所不同，但这种现象被提出可能分三个步骤发生：首先，在 DNA 复制过程中在姐妹染色单体之间建立组蛋白不对称性；其次，在有丝分裂过程中识别携带不对称组蛋白信息的姐妹染色单体；最后，在产生的子细胞中执行这种不对称性。通过整合来自不同真核系统的现有知识，本综述全面详细地比较和描述了可能有助于这三个步骤的已知染色质因子、有丝分裂机制成分和细胞周期调节剂。此外，还讨论了引入和调节可变组蛋白遗传模式的潜在机制，以及这些不同模式如何有助于多细胞生物中的细胞命运决定。
