Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
"Social Stress and Family Health" Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Personal Ment Health. 2023 Feb;17(1):55-66. doi: 10.1002/pmh.1560. Epub 2022 Jul 29.
There is disagreement among researchers regarding the conceptualization of resilience as a dynamic state or stable trait. Aiming to shed light on the state-versus-trait debate, we explored the stability and construct validity of four of the most frequently utilized state or trait resilience scales in a longitudinal assessment. Additionally, we examined the predictive validity of these scales. Our study was conducted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, which served as collectively experienced adversity. Correlations among the resilience scales and among resilience scales and Big Five personality traits were strong. All except one scale showed high test-retest correlations. Experience of an additional critical life event during the pandemic led to an increase in resilience. Other than in cross-sectional studies, associations between resilience and psychological distress were weak, because personality and baseline psychological distress were controlled for. Nevertheless, next to personality, resilience explained additional variance in distress change. Our results show relatively high stability of resilience overall. Yet, they also confirm dynamic resilience features, suggesting that resilience change occurs with significant adversity, leading to improved adaptation. To gauge the true association between resilience and mental health, baseline levels of these variables as well as personality traits should be considered.
研究人员对于韧性是一种动态状态还是稳定特征的概念化存在分歧。为了阐明状态与特质的争论，我们在纵向评估中探索了四种最常用的状态或特质韧性量表的稳定性和结构有效性。此外，我们还研究了这些量表的预测有效性。我们的研究是在 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间进行的，这是一次集体经历的逆境。韧性量表之间以及韧性量表与大五人格特质之间的相关性很强。除了一个量表外，所有量表的重测信度都很高。在大流行期间经历另一个关键的生活事件会导致韧性的增加。除了横断面研究外，韧性与心理困扰之间的关联较弱，因为控制了人格和基线心理困扰。然而，除了人格之外，韧性还解释了困扰变化的额外差异。我们的结果显示，总体而言，韧性的稳定性相对较高。然而，它们也证实了韧性的动态特征，表明在面临重大逆境时会发生韧性变化，从而改善适应能力。为了衡量韧性与心理健康之间的真实关联，应该考虑这些变量以及人格特质的基线水平。
