August Allison, Brito Luis, Paris Robert, Zaks Tal
Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2022;440:167-186. doi: 10.1007/82_2022_259.
The emergence of safe and effective mRNA platform-based COVID-19 vaccines from the recent pandemic has changed the face of vaccine development. Compared with conventional technologies used historically, mRNA-based vaccines offer a rapid flexible and robust approach to preventing disease caused by transient viral strains such as SAR2-CoV-2 variants of concern and seasonal influenza. Adaptations in the formulation of the mRNA delivery systems such as with lipid nanoparticle delivery (LNP) used in mRNA-1273 and BNT16b2b have enabled this technology to flourish under the urgent collective response and collaborative regulatory understanding derived from COVID-19 vaccine development. The application of mRNA-based therapeutics in other areas holds potential promise including combination vaccines that might deliver protections against multiple infectious diseases. Future studies and further advances in mRNA-based technologies will provide insight into the clinical efficacy and real-world effectiveness of vaccines as well as provisions with respect to the impact of reactogenicity profiles. Overall, the success of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines has helped unlock a platform likely to result in many more candidate vaccines entering clinical evaluation to address the unmet medical needs of other diseases including viral respiratory diseases, herpesviruses, and historically challenging vaccine targets such as HIV.
近期大流行中基于mRNA平台的安全有效新冠疫苗的出现，改变了疫苗研发的面貌。与历史上使用的传统技术相比，基于mRNA的疫苗为预防由诸如值得关注的SARS-CoV-2变种和季节性流感等短暂性病毒株引起的疾病提供了一种快速、灵活且强大的方法。mRNA递送系统配方的改进，如mRNA-1273和BNT16b2b中使用的脂质纳米颗粒递送（LNP），使这项技术能够在新冠疫苗研发所产生的紧急集体响应和协作性监管理解下蓬勃发展。基于mRNA的疗法在其他领域的应用具有潜在前景，包括可能提供针对多种传染病保护的联合疫苗。基于mRNA技术的未来研究和进一步进展将深入了解疫苗的临床疗效和实际效果，以及关于反应原性特征影响的相关情况。总体而言，基于mRNA的新冠疫苗的成功有助于开启一个平台，可能会有更多候选疫苗进入临床评估，以满足包括病毒性呼吸道疾病、疱疹病毒以及如HIV等历来具有挑战性的疫苗靶点等其他疾病未满足的医疗需求。
