Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2022 Jan-Dec;20:22808000221111875. doi: 10.1177/22808000221111875.
Bone tissue engineering, as an alternative for common available therapeutic approaches, has been developed to focus on reconstructing of the missing tissues and restoring their functionality. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) nanocomposite scaffolds of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCEC/Gel) were prepared by freeze-drying method. Biocompatible nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), iron oxide nanoparticle (FeO) and halloysite nanotube (HNT) powders were added to the polymer matrix aiming to combine the osteogenic activity of nHA or FeO with high mechanical strength of HNT. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods was utilized to characterize the nanotube morphology of HNT as well as nanoparticles of FeO and nHA. Prepared scaffolds were characterized via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and SEM methods. In addition, the physical behavior of scaffolds was evaluated to explore the influence of HNT on the physicochemical properties of composites. Cell viability and attachment were investigated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay and SEM on human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-DPSCs) in-vitro. Cell proliferation was observed without any cytotoxicity effect on h-DPSCs for all examined scaffolds. Alizarin red (ARS) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were carried out to determine the osteoconductivity of scaffolds. The data demonstrated that all PCEC/Gel/HNT hydrogel scaffolds supported osteoblast differentiation of hDPSCs with moderate effects on cell proliferation. Moreover, PCEC/Gel/HNT/nHA with proper mechanical strength showed better biological activity compared to PCEC/Gel/HNT/FeO and PCEC/Gel/HNT scaffolds. Therefore, this study suggested that with proper fillers content, PCEC/Gel/HNT nanocomposite hydrogels alone or in a complex with nHA, FeO could be a suitable candidate for hard tissue regeneration.
骨组织工程作为一种替代常规治疗方法的手段，主要聚焦于重建缺失组织并恢复其功能。在这项工作中，采用冷冻干燥法制备了聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯/明胶（PCEC/Gel）的三维（3D）纳米复合支架。将生物相容性的纳米羟基磷灰石（nHA）、氧化铁纳米颗粒（FeO）和海泡石纳米管（HNT）粉末添加到聚合物基质中，旨在将 nHA 或 FeO 的成骨活性与 HNT 的高机械强度结合起来。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）方法对 HNT 的纳米管形态以及 FeO 和 nHA 的纳米颗粒进行了表征。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X 射线衍射分析（XRD）和 SEM 方法对制备的支架进行了表征。此外，还评估了支架的物理性能，以研究 HNT 对复合材料物理化学性质的影响。通过 MTT（3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基-2H-四唑溴盐）测定法和 SEM 对人牙髓间充质干细胞（h-DPSCs）在体外进行了细胞活力和附着的研究。所有检测支架对 h-DPSCs 均无细胞毒性作用，观察到细胞增殖。进行茜素红（ARS）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）染色以确定支架的骨传导性。数据表明，所有 PCEC/Gel/HNT 水凝胶支架均支持 hDPSCs 的成骨细胞分化，对细胞增殖具有适度影响。此外，具有适当机械强度的 PCEC/Gel/HNT/nHA 支架与 PCEC/Gel/HNT/FeO 和 PCEC/Gel/HNT 支架相比，表现出更好的生物活性。因此，本研究表明，在适当的填充剂含量下，PCEC/Gel/HNT 纳米复合水凝胶单独或与 nHA、FeO 复合，可为硬组织再生提供合适的候选材料。
