Hwang Hee Sook, Lee Chung-Sung
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea.
Gels. 2024 Aug 3;10(8):513. doi: 10.3390/gels10080513.
Nanoclay-composite hydrogels represent a promising avenue for advancing bone tissue engineering. Traditional hydrogels face challenges in providing mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and bioactivity necessary for successful bone regeneration. The incorporation of nanoclay into hydrogel matrices offers a potential unique solution to these challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fabrication, physico-chemical/biological performance, and applications of nanoclay-composite hydrogels in bone tissue engineering. Various fabrication techniques, including in situ polymerization, physical blending, and 3D printing, are discussed. In vitro and in vivo studies evaluating biocompatibility and bioactivity have demonstrated the potential of these hydrogels for promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Their applications in bone defect repair, osteochondral tissue engineering and drug delivery are also explored. Despite their potential in bone tissue engineering, nanoclay-composite hydrogels face challenges such as optimal dispersion, scalability, biocompatibility, long-term stability, regulatory approval, and integration with emerging technologies to achieve clinical application. Future research directions need to focus on refining fabrication techniques, enhancing understanding of biological interactions, and advancing towards clinical translation and commercialization. Overall, nanoclay-composite hydrogels offer exciting opportunities for improving bone regeneration strategies.
纳米黏土复合水凝胶是推进骨组织工程的一条有前景的途径。传统水凝胶在提供成功骨再生所需的机械强度、生物相容性和生物活性方面面临挑战。将纳米黏土掺入水凝胶基质为应对这些挑战提供了一种潜在的独特解决方案。本综述全面概述了纳米黏土复合水凝胶在骨组织工程中的制备、物理化学/生物学性能及应用。讨论了各种制备技术，包括原位聚合、物理共混和3D打印。评估生物相容性和生物活性的体外和体内研究已证明这些水凝胶在促进细胞黏附、增殖和分化方面的潜力。还探讨了它们在骨缺损修复、骨软骨组织工程和药物递送中的应用。尽管纳米黏土复合水凝胶在骨组织工程中有潜力，但它们面临着诸如最佳分散、可扩展性、生物相容性、长期稳定性、监管批准以及与新兴技术整合以实现临床应用等挑战。未来的研究方向需要集中在改进制备技术、增强对生物相互作用的理解以及朝着临床转化和商业化迈进。总体而言，纳米黏土复合水凝胶为改进骨再生策略提供了令人兴奋的机会。
