School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, PR China.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, PR China.
Biotechnol Adv. 2022 Nov;60:108024. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108024. Epub 2022 Jul 28.
The overexploitation of fossil fuels has led to a significant increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations, thereby causing problems, such as the greenhouse effect. Rapid global climate change has caused researchers to focus on utilizing CO in a green and efficient manner. One of the ways to achieve this is by converting CO into valuable chemicals via chemical, photochemical, electrochemical, or enzymatic methods. Among these, the enzymatic method is advantageous because of its high specificity and selectivity as well as the mild reaction conditions required. The reduction of CO to formate, formaldehyde, and methanol using formate dehydrogenase (FDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) are attractive routes, respectively. In this review, strategies for overcoming the common limitations of enzymatic CO reduction are discussed. First, we present a brief background on the importance of minimizing of CO emissions and introduce the three bottlenecks limiting enzymatic CO reduction. Thereafter, we explore the different strategies for enzyme immobilization on various support materials. To solve the problem of cofactor consumption, different state-of-the-art cofactor regeneration strategies as well as research on the development of cofactor substitutes and cofactor-free systems are extensively discussed. Moreover, aiming at improving CO solubility, biological, physical, and engineering measures are reviewed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are presented.
化石燃料的过度开采导致大气中二氧化碳（CO）浓度显著增加，从而引发了温室效应等问题。快速的全球气候变化促使研究人员专注于以绿色、高效的方式利用 CO。实现这一目标的方法之一是通过化学、光化学、电化学或酶法将 CO 转化为有价值的化学品。在这些方法中，由于酶法具有高特异性和选择性以及所需的温和反应条件，因此具有优势。使用甲酸脱氢酶（FDH）、甲醛脱氢酶（FDH）和醇脱氢酶（ADH）将 CO 还原为甲酸盐、甲醛和甲醇是很有吸引力的途径。在这篇综述中，讨论了克服酶促 CO 还原常见限制的策略。首先，我们简要介绍了减少 CO 排放的重要性，并介绍了限制酶促 CO 还原的三个瓶颈。然后，我们探讨了在各种支撑材料上进行酶固定化的不同策略。为了解决辅因子消耗的问题，广泛讨论了不同的最新辅因子再生策略以及开发辅因子替代品和无辅因子系统的研究。此外，为了提高 CO 的溶解度，还回顾了生物、物理和工程措施。最后，提出了结论和未来展望。
