Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Nov 15;847:157688. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157688. Epub 2022 Jul 28.
Although the studies on antibiotic contamination are common at present, large-scale sampling studies drawing highly representative conclusions are still scarce. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on a total of 1183 samples from 70 livestock farms within a sensitive area around reservoir waters. 45 types of antibiotics belonging to 5 different classes were monitored. This is the first analysis to comprehensively investigate the density distribution, source apportionment, ecological and health risk of antibiotics in an entire area of sensitive waters. The results showed that the layer manure samples had highest detection rate of antibiotics (0.0 %-96.1 %, average value = 30.7 %) followed by pig manure samples. Oxytetracycline had the highest concentration of 712.16 mg/kg in a pig manure sample. Different from using antibiotic concentration as a proxy for pollution level, the spatial density was calculated by averaging antibiotic concentration to area and converting different livestock to pig equivalent. The spatial density of pig equivalent can more realistically reflect the pollution caused by different breeds of livestocks. It was shown that the pig farms contributed higher to total antibiotic density than the layer and cattle farms did. After assessed, a few antibiotics (oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline and tetracycline) have posed high ecological risks to soil around the farms. However, none of them caused hazard quotient (HQ) risk and carcinogenic risk (CR) to human health in the water of reservoir. Children were more likely to be at hazard risk than adults. Antibiotic mass fluctuation rules were analyzed along the chain (feed → livestock waste → soil → surface water). Feed, livestock waste and soil had similar diversity, but the antibiotic concentrations continued to decline, implying the possible sources of antibiotic residues were similar. Thus, it is important to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use to prevent the potential long-term risk of antibiotics.
虽然目前关于抗生素污染的研究很常见，但仍缺乏能够得出高度代表性结论的大规模抽样研究。本研究对水库周边敏感地区的 70 个养殖场的 1183 个样本进行了全面调查。监测了属于 5 个不同类别的 45 种抗生素。这是首次对整个敏感水域地区的抗生素密度分布、来源分配、生态和健康风险进行全面分析。结果表明，层状粪肥样本的抗生素检出率最高（0.0%-96.1%，平均值=30.7%），其次是猪粪样本。猪粪样本中，土霉素的浓度最高，达 712.16mg/kg。与使用抗生素浓度作为污染水平的替代物不同，通过平均抗生素浓度与面积，并将不同的牲畜转换为当量猪，计算空间密度。当量猪的空间密度可以更真实地反映不同品种牲畜造成的污染。结果表明，与鸡场和牛场相比，猪场对总抗生素密度的贡献更高。经评估，少数抗生素（土霉素、金霉素和四环素）对农场周围土壤的生态风险较高。但是，在水库水中，它们均未对人类健康造成危害系数（HQ）风险和致癌风险（CR）。儿童比成年人更有可能面临危害风险。沿着食物链（饲料→牲畜废物→土壤→地表水）分析了抗生素质量波动规律。饲料、牲畜废物和土壤具有相似的多样性，但抗生素浓度持续下降，这表明抗生素残留的可能来源相似。因此，减少不必要的抗生素使用对于防止抗生素的潜在长期风险很重要。
