a Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China , Nanjing , China.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2014;49(7):468-79. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2014.896660.
Scientific interest in pollution from antibiotics in animal husbandry has increased during recent years. However, there have been few studies on the vertical exposure characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in different exposure matrices from different livestock farms. This study explores the distribution and migration of antibiotics from feed to manure, from manure to soil, and from soil to vegetables, by investigating the exposure level of typical antibiotics in feed, manure, soil, vegetables, water, fish, and pork in livestock farms. A screening environmental risk assessment was conducted to identify the hazardous potential of veterinary antibiotics from livestock farms in southeast China. The results show that adding antibiotics to drinking water as well as the excessive use of antibiotic feed additives may become the major source of antibiotics pollution in livestock farms. Physical and chemical properties significantly affect the distribution and migration of various antibiotics from manure to soil and from soil to plant. Simple migration models can predict the accumulation of antibiotics in soil and plants. The environmental risk assessment results show that more attention should be paid to the terrestrial eco-risk of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin, and to the aquatic eco-risk of chlorotetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. This is the first systematic analysis of the vertical pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in livestock farms in southeast China. It also identifies the ecological and human health risk of veterinary antibiotics.
近年来，科学界对畜牧业中抗生素污染的兴趣日益增加。然而，对于来自不同养殖场的不同暴露矩阵中典型兽医抗生素的垂直暴露特征，研究甚少。本研究通过调查养殖场饲料、粪便、土壤、蔬菜、水、鱼和猪肉中典型抗生素的暴露水平，探讨了抗生素从饲料到粪便、从粪便到土壤、从土壤到蔬菜的分布和迁移。进行了筛选环境风险评估，以确定来自中国东南养殖场的兽医抗生素的潜在危害。结果表明，饮用水中添加抗生素以及抗生素饲料添加剂的过度使用可能成为养殖场抗生素污染的主要来源。理化性质显著影响了各种抗生素从粪便到土壤以及从土壤到植物的分布和迁移。简单的迁移模型可以预测抗生素在土壤和植物中的积累。环境风险评估结果表明，应更加关注磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、四环素、土霉素、金霉素、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星在陆地上的生态风险，以及土霉素、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星在水中的生态风险。这是首次对中国东南地区养殖场典型兽医抗生素垂直污染特征进行系统分析，也确定了兽医抗生素对生态和人类健康的风险。
