Chen Binlong, Li Diyan, Ran Bo, Zhang Pu, Wang Tao
College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, China.
School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jul 14;9:911685. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.911685. eCollection 2022.
Tibetan chickens living at high altitudes show specific physiological adaptations to the extreme environmental conditions. However, the regulated base of how chickens adapt to high-altitude habitats remains largely unknown. In this study, we sequenced 96 transcriptomes (including 48 miRNA and 48 mRNA transcriptomes of heart, liver, lung, and brain) and resequenced 12 whole genomes of Tibetan chickens and Peng'xian yellow chickens. We found that several miRNAs show the locally optimal plastic changes that occurred in miRNAs of chickens, such as miR-10c-5p, miR-144-3p, miR-3536, and miR-499-5p. These miRNAs could have effects on early adaption to the high-altitude environment of chickens. In addition, the genes under selection between Tibetan chickens and Peng'xian yellow chickens were mainly related to oxygen transport and oxidative stress. The I-kappa B kinase/NF-kappa B signaling pathway is widely found for high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan chickens. The candidate differentially expressed miRNAs and selected genes identified in this study may be useful in current breeding efforts to develop improved breeds for the highlands.
生活在高海拔地区的藏鸡对极端环境条件表现出特定的生理适应性。然而，鸡如何适应高海拔栖息地的调控基础在很大程度上仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们对96个转录组进行了测序（包括心脏、肝脏、肺和脑的48个miRNA和48个mRNA转录组），并对12只藏鸡和彭县黄鸡的全基因组进行了重测序。我们发现，一些miRNA表现出鸡miRNA中发生的局部最优可塑性变化，如miR-10c-5p、miR-144-3p、miR-3536和miR-499-5p。这些miRNA可能对鸡早期适应高海拔环境有影响。此外，藏鸡和彭县黄鸡之间受选择的基因主要与氧运输和氧化应激有关。I-κB激酶/NF-κB信号通路在藏鸡的高海拔适应中广泛存在。本研究中鉴定出的候选差异表达miRNA和选择基因可能有助于当前为高原培育改良品种的育种工作。
