A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Prognostic Value of BRCA Mutations, Homologous Recombination Gene Mutations, and Homologous Recombination Deficiencies in Cancer.

Patients with mutations (m), loss-of-function mutations in other homologous recombination repair (HRRm) genes, or tumors that are homologous recombination deficiency positivity (HRD+) demonstrate a robust response to PARPi therapy. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of m, HRRm, and HRD+ on overall survival (OS) among those treated by chemotherapy or targeted therapy other than PARPi across tumor types. A total of 135 eligible studies were included. Breast cancer (BC) patients with m had a similar overall survival (OS) to those with wild-type (wt) across 18 studies. Ovarian cancer (OC) patients with m had a significantly longer OS than those with wt across 24 studies reporting m and m, with an HR of 0.7 (0.6-0.8). Less OS data were reported for other tumors: 6 studies for m compared with wt in prostate cancer with an HR of 1.9 (1.1-3.2) and 2 studies for m compared with wt in pancreatic cancer with an HR of 1.5 (0.8-3.1). Only 4 studies reported HRD+ by either m or genomic instability score (GIS) ≥ 42 and OS by HRD status. The HR was 0.67 (0.43-1.02) for OS with HRD+ vs. HRD-. A total of 15 studies reported the association between HRRm and OS of cancers in which one or more HRR genes were examined. The HR was 1.0 (0.7-1.4) comparing patients with HRRm to those with HRR wild-type across tumors. Our findings are useful in improving the precision and efficacy of treatment selection in clinical oncology.