基于三维图形的胸腹部表面形状及呼吸运动的定量分析
Quantitative Analysis by 3D Graphics of Thoraco-Abdominal Surface Shape and Breathing Motion.
作者信息
Aliverti Andrea, Lacca Davide, LoMauro Antonella
机构信息
Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
出版信息
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Jul 13;10:910499. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.910499. eCollection 2022.
Chest wall motion can provide information on respiratory muscles' action and on critical vital signs, like respiration and cardiac activity. The chest wall is a structure with three compartments that are independent to each other and can move paradoxically according to the pathophysiology of the disease. Opto-electronic plethysmography (OEP) allows for non-invasively 3D tracking of body movements. We aimed to extend the characteristics of OEP analysis to local analyses of thoraco-abdominal surface geometry and kinematics during respiration. Starting from the OEP output file, the 3D markers' coordinates were combined with a triangulation matrix. A smoothing procedure (an automatic and iterative interpolation process to increase the number of vertices from 93 to 548) was applied to allow for precise local analysis of the thoraco-abdominal surface. A series of measurements can be performed to characterize the geometry of the trunk and its three compartments, in terms of volumes, height, diameters, perimeters, and area. Some shape factors, such as surface-to-volume ratio or height-to-perimeter ratio, can be also computed. It was also possible to build the vector field associated with the breathing motion of all the vertices, in terms of magnitude and motion direction. The vector field data were analyzed and displayed through two graphic tools: a 3D heatmap, in which the magnitude of motion was associated to different colors, and a 3D arrow plot, that allowed us to visualize both the magnitude and the direction of motion with color-coded arrows. The methods were applied to 10 healthy subjects (5 females) and also applied to two cases: a pregnant woman at each trimester of gestation and a patient before and after a demolition thoracic surgery. The results proved to be coherent with the physiology of healthy subjects and the physiopathology of the cases. We developed a new non-invasive method for respiratory analysis that allowed for the creation of realistic 3D models of the local and global trunk surface during respiration. The proposed representation constituted a very intuitive method to visualize and compare thoraco-abdominal surface movements within and between subjects, therefore enforcing the potential clinical translational value of the method.
胸壁运动可以提供有关呼吸肌活动以及诸如呼吸和心脏活动等关键生命体征的信息。胸壁是一个由三个相互独立的腔室组成的结构,并且可以根据疾病的病理生理学呈现反常运动。光电体积描记法(OEP)能够对身体运动进行非侵入性的三维跟踪。我们旨在将OEP分析的特性扩展到呼吸过程中胸腹表面几何形状和运动学的局部分析。从OEP输出文件开始,将三维标记的坐标与三角测量矩阵相结合。应用了一种平滑程序(一种自动迭代插值过程,将顶点数量从93个增加到548个),以便对胸腹表面进行精确的局部分析。可以进行一系列测量,从体积、高度、直径、周长和面积等方面来表征躯干及其三个腔室的几何形状。还可以计算一些形状因子,如表面积与体积比或高度与周长比。根据大小和运动方向,也能够构建与所有顶点的呼吸运动相关的矢量场。通过两种图形工具对矢量场数据进行分析和显示:一种三维热图,其中运动大小与不同颜色相关联;一种三维箭头图,它使我们能够用颜色编码的箭头可视化运动的大小和方向。这些方法应用于10名健康受试者(5名女性),也应用于两个病例:一名处于妊娠各期的孕妇以及一名开胸手术后的患者。结果证明与健康受试者的生理学以及病例的病理生理学是一致的。我们开发了一种新的用于呼吸分析的非侵入性方法,该方法能够创建呼吸过程中局部和整体躯干表面的逼真三维模型。所提出的表示方法构成了一种非常直观的方法,用于可视化和比较受试者内部和之间的胸腹表面运动,从而增强了该方法潜在的临床转化价值。