Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
Front Public Health. 2022 Jul 13;10:940956. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.940956. eCollection 2022.
COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. The most recent variant is Omicron (line B.1.1.529), which was first identified in South Africa in November 2021. The concern with this variant is the ineffectiveness of vaccines currently available. We aim to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines and boosters for the Omicron variant.
We searched the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases from inception to June 5th, 2022. Studies that examined the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against the Omicron variant infection were included. Random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron variant.
A total of 13 studies were included to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine against the Omicron variant, and 11 studies were included to compare the effectiveness between the two-dose and three-dose (booster) vaccinations. Full vaccination (two-dose with or without booster) showed a protective effect against the Omicron variant compared to no vaccination (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.56-0.69), while the effectiveness decreased significantly over 6 months after the last dose. The two-dose vaccination plus booster provided better protection against the Omicron variant compared to the two-dose vaccination without booster (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.52-0.68). Additional analysis was performed for the most commonly used vaccines in the United Staes: BNT162b2(Pfizer) (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52-0.82) and mRNA-1273(Moderna) (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.88) vaccines in the US, which showed similar effectiveness compared to no vaccination.
The full dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination effectively reduces infection from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant; however, the effectiveness wanes over time. The booster vaccine provides additional protection against the Omicron variant.
COVID-19 是一种由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的呼吸道疾病。最新的变异株是奥密克戎（B.1.1.529 谱系），于 2021 年 11 月在南非首次被发现。人们对这种变异株的担忧在于当前可用疫苗的效果不佳。我们旨在系统评估当前可用的 COVID-19 疫苗和加强针在预防奥密克戎变异株方面的有效性。
我们从数据库建立到 2022 年 6 月 5 日检索了 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆和 Web of Science 数据库。纳入了评估 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗对奥密克戎变异株感染有效性的研究。采用随机效应模型估计针对奥密克戎变异株的疫苗总体有效性。
共纳入 13 项研究评估疫苗对奥密克戎变异株的有效性，纳入 11 项研究比较了两剂和三剂（加强针）接种之间的有效性。与未接种疫苗相比，全剂量（两剂加或不加加强针）接种对奥密克戎变异株具有保护作用（OR=0.62，95%CI：0.56-0.69），而在末次接种后 6 个月内有效性显著下降。两剂接种加加强针接种对奥密克戎变异株的保护作用优于两剂接种无加强针（OR=0.60，95%CI：0.52-0.68）。还对美国最常用的疫苗进行了额外分析：BNT162b2（辉瑞）（OR=0.65，95%CI：0.52-0.82）和 mRNA-1273（Moderna）（OR=0.67，95%CI：0.58-0.88）疫苗，与未接种疫苗相比，其有效性相似。
SARS-CoV-2 全剂量疫苗接种可有效降低 SARS-CoV-2 奥密克戎变异株感染；然而，有效性随时间推移而减弱。加强针疫苗对奥密克戎变异株提供额外保护。
