Makino Keitaro, Lee Sangyoon, Bae Seongryu, Harada Kenji, Chiba Ippei, Katayama Osamu, Tomida Kouki, Morikawa Masanori, Yamashiro Yukari, Sudo Motoki, Takayanagi Naoto, Shimada Hiroyuki
Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Jul 13;9:882562. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.882562. eCollection 2022.
Older people with high cardiovascular risk, including those without cardiovascular diseases, are an at-risk population for dementia. Regular physical activity is generally recommended to maintain brain health; however, the optimal intensity of physical activity for maintaining brain volume in older adults with cardiovascular risk remains unclear. We examined the associations between intensity-specific physical activity and brain volume stratified by absolute cardiovascular risk level in older adults without cardiovascular diseases.
This cross-sectional study involved 725 community-dwelling older Japanese adults without cardiovascular diseases. We estimated absolute cardiovascular risk using the World Health Organization risk estimation charts, which include variables such as age, sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol, and stratified cardiovascular risk level into three risk categories: low (≤ 9%), moderate (10-14%), and high (≥15%). We measured daily physical activity using a triaxial accelerometer, and calculated the average time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and light intensity physical activity (LPA). We performed brain T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and calculated the volume of the cortical gray matter, subcortical gray matter, and cerebral white matter, using the FreeSurfer software. In the overall sample, multivariable linear regression analysis showed that greater MVPA was significantly associated with greater volume of the cortical gray matter and cerebral white matter, and greater LPA was significantly associated with greater volume of the cerebral white matter. Additionally, in the analysis of the sample stratified by absolute cardiovascular risk level, cerebral white matter volume was significantly associated with both MVPA and LPA in the high cardiovascular risk group.
The association between physical activity and brain volume differed according to cardiovascular risk level in community-dwelling older adults. In a population at high cardiovascular risk, maintaining or increasing LPA might be a practical and achievable strategy for healthy brain aging.
心血管风险高的老年人，包括那些没有心血管疾病的人，是痴呆症的高危人群。一般建议进行规律的体育活动以维持大脑健康；然而，对于有心血管风险的老年人，维持脑容量的最佳体育活动强度仍不清楚。我们研究了无心血管疾病的老年人中，特定强度体育活动与按绝对心血管风险水平分层的脑容量之间的关联。
这项横断面研究纳入了725名居住在社区的无心血管疾病的日本老年人。我们使用世界卫生组织风险评估图表估计绝对心血管风险，该图表包括年龄、性别、糖尿病、吸烟、收缩压和总胆固醇等变量，并将心血管风险水平分为三个风险类别：低（≤9%）、中（10 - 14%）和高（≥15%）。我们使用三轴加速度计测量日常体育活动，并计算中度至剧烈强度体育活动（MVPA）和轻度强度体育活动（LPA）的平均花费时间。我们进行了脑部T1加权磁共振成像，并使用FreeSurfer软件计算皮质灰质、皮质下灰质和脑白质的体积。在总体样本中，多变量线性回归分析表明，更多的MVPA与更大的皮质灰质和脑白质体积显著相关，更多的LPA与更大的脑白质体积显著相关。此外，在按绝对心血管风险水平分层的样本分析中，高心血管风险组的脑白质体积与MVPA和LPA均显著相关。
在居住在社区的老年人中，体育活动与脑容量之间的关联因心血管风险水平而异。在心血管风险高的人群中，维持或增加LPA可能是促进大脑健康衰老的一种切实可行的策略。
