Pasco Jubert, Lei Zhen, Aranas Clodualdo
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada;
Off-Site Construction Research Centre (OCRC), Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada;
Buildings (Basel). 2022 Jan 6;12(1):53. doi: 10.3390/buildings12010053. eCollection 2022 Jan.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the pillars of Industry 4.0 to attain a circular economy. The process involves a layer-by-layer deposition of material from a computer-aided-design (CAD) model to form complex shapes. Fast prototyping and waste minimization are the main benefits of employing such a technique. AM technology is presently revolutionizing various industries such as electronics, biomedical, defense, and aerospace. Such technology can be complemented with standardized frameworks to attract industrial acceptance, such as in the construction industry. Off-site construction has the potential to improve construction efficiency by adopting AM. In this paper, the types of additive manufacturing processes were reviewed, with emphasis on applications in off-site construction. This information was complemented with a discussion on the types and mechanical properties of materials that can be produced using AM techniques, particularly metallic components. Strategies to assess cost and material considerations such as Production line Breakdown Structure (PBS) and Value Stream Mapping are highlighted. In addition, a comprehensive approach that evaluates the entire life cycle of the component was suggested when comparing AM techniques and conventional manufacturing options.
增材制造（AM）是实现循环经济的工业4.0支柱之一。该过程涉及根据计算机辅助设计（CAD）模型逐层沉积材料以形成复杂形状。快速成型和废物最小化是采用这种技术的主要优点。增材制造技术目前正在彻底改变电子、生物医学、国防和航空航天等各个行业。这种技术可以与标准化框架相结合，以吸引行业认可，例如在建筑行业。通过采用增材制造，场外施工有可能提高施工效率。本文回顾了增材制造工艺的类型，重点是在场外施工中的应用。这些信息还辅以对使用增材制造技术可生产的材料类型和机械性能的讨论，特别是金属部件。强调了评估成本和材料考量的策略，如生产线分解结构（PBS）和价值流映射。此外，在比较增材制造技术和传统制造选项时，建议采用一种评估部件整个生命周期的综合方法。
