Tarantino Samuela, Proietti Checchi Martina, Papetti Laura, Ursitti Fabiana, Sforza Giorgia, Ferilli Michela Ada Noris, Moavero Romina, Monte Gabriele, Capitello Teresa Grimaldi, Vigevano Federico, Valeriani Massimiliano
Unit of Clinical Psychology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
Department of Neuroscience, Headache Center, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
Front Neurol. 2022 Jul 13;13:898626. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.898626. eCollection 2022.
Primary headache is a very common and disabling disease. The burden of pain and recurrent attacks may lead to a poor quality of life, anxiety and depression. An increased risk of low functioning and curricular performances in young patients with primary headache has been described. The mechanisms underlying the relationship between migraine and poor school achievement may be various and could be a reflection of weak cognitive skills. Data concerning the cognitive functioning in the free pain interval in pediatric age are under-investigated and results are far from conclusive. The present review article suggests that, though considered a benign disease, pediatric migraine may be associated to altered neuropsychological functioning in the interictal phase. Although children and adolescents with migraine generally have a normal intelligence, they may show a not homogeneous cognitive profile, characterized by possible difficulties in verbal skills, in particular comprehension abilities. Pediatric primary headache may present altered neuropsychological functioning involving attentional resources, processing speed and memory, particularly verbal memory. Given the impact that this disease can have on school performance and the tendency to persist from childhood to adulthood, a cognitive screening in young patients affected by primary headache is pivotal. Additional neuropsychological research using more homogenous methods is needed.
原发性头痛是一种非常常见且使人丧失能力的疾病。疼痛负担和反复发作可能导致生活质量低下、焦虑和抑郁。已有描述表明，原发性头痛的年轻患者出现功能低下和学业成绩下降的风险增加。偏头痛与学业成绩不佳之间关系的潜在机制可能多种多样，可能反映了认知技能薄弱。关于儿童期疼痛缓解期认知功能的数据研究不足，结果也远未定论。本综述文章表明，尽管小儿偏头痛被认为是一种良性疾病，但在发作间期可能与神经心理功能改变有关。虽然患有偏头痛的儿童和青少年通常智力正常，但他们可能表现出不一致的认知特征，其特点是在语言技能方面可能存在困难，尤其是理解能力。小儿原发性头痛可能表现出涉及注意力资源、处理速度和记忆，特别是言语记忆的神经心理功能改变。鉴于这种疾病可能对学业成绩产生影响，且有从儿童期持续到成年期的趋势，对受原发性头痛影响的年轻患者进行认知筛查至关重要。需要使用更统一的方法进行更多的神经心理学研究。
