Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka.
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka.
BMC Neurol. 2020 Jul 8;20(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s12883-020-01855-5.
Headache and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are two relatively common, neuropsychiatric conditions seen in children. Recent studies have shown an association between these two disorders, which are otherwise distinct conditions. This study aims to assess the association between migraine and ADHD, as well as the association between screen-time and these two conditions, among children attending a Sri Lankan tertiary care facility. Possible associations will have important implications in the clinical management of these conditions.
This was a comparative cross-sectional study of 226 children aged 5-14 years, attending clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Galle, Sri Lanka. Of them, 141 had a diagnosis of migraine and 85 did not have migraine. The presence or absence of ADHD and the use of screen-time among the two groups was analysed. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the associations between these variables.
Approximately 5% of the children with migraine had clinically diagnosed ADHD, compared to 3.5% of those without migraine (p = 0.862). The median SNAP-IV scores (inter-quartile range) of the children with migraine and without migraine were 0.60 (0.27-1.00) and 0.44 (0.16-0.80) respectively (p = 0.014). There was no significant difference in screen-time hours per day between children with and without clinically diagnosed ADHD. However, a significant difference in median screen-time (hours per day) was observed between children with and without migraine (2.0 h and 1.0 h respectively; p = 0.012).
Our findings suggest that children with migraine are more likely to show features of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattentiveness than those without migraine. While no association was found between clinically diagnosed ADHD and screen-time, migraine was associated with longer daily screen use. Screening for ADHD in children diagnosed with migraine may be of benefit. Further studies are required to understand the possible benefits of reducing screen-time in children with migraine.
头痛和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是两种在儿童中相对常见的神经精神疾病。最近的研究表明，这两种疾病之间存在关联，尽管它们是不同的疾病。本研究旨在评估偏头痛与 ADHD 之间的关联，以及屏幕时间与这两种疾病之间的关联，这些儿童均来自斯里兰卡的一家三级保健机构。可能的关联将对这些疾病的临床管理具有重要意义。
这是一项在斯里兰卡加勒的一家三级保健医院就诊的 226 名 5-14 岁儿童的比较性横断面研究。其中 141 名患有偏头痛，85 名没有偏头痛。分析两组中 ADHD 的存在和屏幕时间的使用情况。采用卡方检验和曼-惠特尼 U 检验来评估这些变量之间的关联。
大约 5%的偏头痛儿童被临床诊断为 ADHD，而无偏头痛的儿童为 3.5%（p=0.862）。患有偏头痛和无偏头痛的儿童的 SNAP-IV 评分中位数（四分位距）分别为 0.60（0.27-1.00）和 0.44（0.16-0.80）（p=0.014）。有临床诊断 ADHD 的儿童和无 ADHD 的儿童每天的屏幕时间小时数没有显著差异。然而，有偏头痛的儿童和无偏头痛的儿童的中位屏幕时间（每天小时数）存在显著差异（分别为 2.0 小时和 1.0 小时；p=0.012）。
我们的研究结果表明，与无偏头痛的儿童相比，患有偏头痛的儿童更有可能表现出多动/冲动和注意力不集中的特征。虽然临床诊断的 ADHD 与屏幕时间之间没有关联，但偏头痛与每天更长的屏幕使用时间有关。在诊断为偏头痛的儿童中筛查 ADHD 可能会有帮助。需要进一步的研究来了解减少偏头痛儿童屏幕时间的可能益处。
