Zhang Jing, Zhao Shuaibing, Liu Ye, Liang He, Wang Tongtong, Zhao Yafan, Zhao Quanzhi, Peng Ting
Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China.
College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(1):1167-1175. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21883-7. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
It is well recognized that straw return (SR) can improve soil fertility and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. Increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application is considered an effective cultivation technique for japonica rice in central and northern China. However, few are known about the mechanisms of differences between wheat SR with rice planting densification and N reduction (SRD) and wheat SR on greenhouse gas emissions and soil bacteria communities in central China. A 2-year experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of SR and SRD compared with straw removal (NS) on methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO) emission, rice yield, and soil properties in Henan Province, China, in 2019 and 2020. We found that SRD increased SOC, available phosphorous (AP), and available potassium (AK) compared to SR and NS in 2019 and 2020. The mean CH flux was positively correlated with SOC, and the cumulative CH emissions of SR and SRD plots were significantly higher than those of NS plots. No significant difference in cumulative CH emissions was detected between the SR and SRD treatments. NO emissions were significantly lower under SRD than SR. SRD significantly affected soil bacteria diversity and composition at a depth of 0-15 cm. The relative abundance of Bacteroidota in SRD soil was 1.37- and 3.73-fold higher than that in NS and SR soils, respectively. The relative abundance of nitrate reduction-related operational taxonomic units enriched under SRD was significantly lower than that under SR, indicating that lower nitrate reduction of NO production was induced by soil bacteria under SRD. N partial factor productivity was 21.4% and 28.5% higher under SRD than SR in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Our results suggest that SRD decreased soil bacteria NO emissions; increased SOC, AP, and AK; and improved N fertilizer use efficiency, thereby improving rice yield in central China.
众所周知，秸秆还田（SR）可以提高土壤肥力和土壤有机碳（SOC）储量。增加种植密度和减少氮肥施用量被认为是中国中部和北部粳稻的一种有效栽培技术。然而，关于在中国中部地区，小麦秸秆还田与水稻种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）之间差异的机制，以及对温室气体排放和土壤细菌群落的影响，人们了解甚少。2019年和2020年在中国河南省进行了一项为期两年的试验，以评估秸秆还田（SR）和秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）相比，与秸秆去除（NS）对甲烷（CH）和一氧化二氮（N₂O）排放、水稻产量和土壤性质的影响。我们发现，与2019年和2020年的秸秆还田（SR）和秸秆去除（NS）相比，秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）增加了土壤有机碳（SOC）、有效磷（AP）和有效钾（AK）。平均CH通量与土壤有机碳（SOC）呈正相关，秸秆还田（SR）和秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）小区的累计CH排放量显著高于秸秆去除（NS）小区。秸秆还田（SR）和秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）处理之间的累计CH排放量未检测到显著差异。秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）处理下的N₂O排放量显著低于秸秆还田（SR）处理。秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）显著影响了0-15厘米深度的土壤细菌多样性和组成。秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）土壤中拟杆菌门的相对丰度分别比秸秆去除（NS）和秸秆还田（SR）土壤高1.37倍和3.73倍。秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）条件下富集的与硝酸盐还原相关的操作分类单元的相对丰度显著低于秸秆还田（SR）条件下，表明秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）条件下土壤细菌诱导的N₂O产生的硝酸盐还原较低。2019年和2020年，秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）条件下的氮偏生产力分别比秸秆还田（SR）高21.4%和28.5%。我们的结果表明，秸秆还田与种植密度增加和减氮（SRD）减少了土壤细菌N₂O排放；增加了土壤有机碳（SOC）、有效磷（AP）和有效钾（AK）；提高了氮肥利用效率，从而提高了中国中部地区的水稻产量。
