Sadiq Mahran, Rahim Nasir, Tahir Majid Mahmood, Alasmari Abdulrahman, Alqahtani Mesfer M, Albogami Abdulaziz, Ghanem Kholoud Z, Abdein Mohamed A, Ali Mohammed, Mehmood Nasir, Yuan Jianyu, Shaheen Aqila, Shehzad Muhammad, El-Sayed Mohamed H, Chen Guoxiang, Li Guang
College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Jun 4;15:1356426. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356426. eCollection 2024.
Climate change is one of the main challenges, and it poses a tough challenge to the agriculture industry globally. Additionally, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the main contributor to climate change; however, croplands are a prominent source of GHG emissions. Yet this complex challenge can be mitigated through climate-smart agricultural practices. Conservation tillage is commonly known to preserve soil and mitigate environmental change by reducing GHG emissions. Nonetheless, there is still a paucity of information on the influences of conservation tillage on wheat yield, soil properties, and GHG flux, particularly in the semi-arid Dingxi belt. Hence, in order to fill this gap, different tillage systems, namely conventional tillage (CT) control, straw incorporation with conventional tillage (CTS), no-tillage (NT), and stubble return with no-tillage (NTS), were laid at Dingxi, Gansu province of China, under a randomized complete block design with three replications to examine their impacts on yield, soil properties, and GHG fluxes. Results depicted that different conservative tillage systems (CTS, NTS, and NT) significantly ( < 0.05) increased the plant height, number of spikes per plant, seed number per meter square, root yield, aboveground biomass yield, thousand-grain weight, grain yield, and dry matter yield compared with CT. Moreover, these conservation tillage systems notably improved the soil properties (soil gravimetric water content, water-filled pore space, water storage, porosity, aggregates, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon, light fraction organic carbon, carbon storage, microbial biomass carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen storage, microbial biomass nitrogen, total phosphorous, available phosphorous, total potassium, available potassium, microbial counts, urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase, cellulase, and catalase) while decreasing the soil temperature and bulk density over CT. However, CTS, NTS, and NT had non-significant effects on ECe, pH, and stoichiometric properties (C:N ratio, C:P ratio, and N:P ratio). Additionally, conservation-based tillage regimes NTS, NT, and CTS significantly ( < 0.05) reduced the emission and net global warming potential of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) by 23.44, 19.57, and 16.54%, respectively, and decreased the greenhouse gas intensity by 23.20, 29.96, and 18.72%, respectively, over CT. We conclude that NTS is the best approach to increasing yield, soil and water conservation, resilience, and mitigation of agroecosystem capacity.
气候变化是主要挑战之一，它给全球农业产业带来了严峻挑战。此外，温室气体排放是气候变化的主要促成因素；然而，农田是温室气体排放的一个突出来源。不过，通过气候智能型农业实践可以缓解这一复杂挑战。众所周知，保护性耕作通过减少温室气体排放来保护土壤并减轻环境变化。尽管如此，关于保护性耕作对小麦产量、土壤性质和温室气体通量的影响的信息仍然匮乏，尤其是在半干旱的定西地区。因此，为了填补这一空白，在中国甘肃省定西市设置了不同的耕作系统，即传统耕作（CT）对照、传统耕作秸秆还田（CTS）、免耕（NT）和免耕留茬（NTS），采用随机完全区组设计，重复三次，以研究它们对产量、土壤性质和温室气体通量的影响。结果表明，与传统耕作相比，不同的保护性耕作系统（CTS、NTS和NT）显著（<0.05）增加了株高、单株穗数、每平方米穗粒数、根产量、地上生物量产量、千粒重、籽粒产量和干物质产量。此外，这些保护性耕作系统显著改善了土壤性质（土壤重量含水量、充水孔隙空间、蓄水量、孔隙度、团聚体、饱和导水率、有机碳、轻组有机碳、碳储量、微生物生物量碳、全氮、有效氮储量、微生物生物量氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、有效钾、微生物数量、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、转化酶、纤维素酶和过氧化氢酶），同时降低了土壤温度和容重。然而，CTS、NTS和NT对电导率、pH值和化学计量性质（碳氮比、碳磷比和氮磷比）没有显著影响。此外，基于保护性的耕作方式NTS、NT和CTS分别显著（<0.05）降低了温室气体（二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮）的排放和全球变暖潜势净值23.44%、19.57%和16.54%，并分别比传统耕作降低了温室气体强度23.20%、29.96%和18.72%。我们得出结论，免耕留茬是提高产量、水土保持、恢复力和减轻农业生态系统容量的最佳方法。
