Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 1300 York Ave, A1027, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
J Gastrointest Surg. 2022 Nov;26(11):2282-2291. doi: 10.1007/s11605-022-05418-6. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
Alterations in the microbiome contribute to the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal diseases. However, the composition of the microbiome in gallbladder disease is not well described.
We aimed to characterize the biliary microbiome in cholecystectomy patients. Bile and biliary stones were collected at cholecystectomy for a variety of surgical indications between 2017 and 2019. DNA was extracted and metagenomic sequencing was performed with subsequent taxonomic classification using Kraken2. The fraction of bacterial to total DNA reads, relative abundance of bacterial species, and overall species diversity were compared between pathologies and demographics.
A total of 74 samples were obtained from 49 patients: 46 bile and 28 stones, with matched pairs from 25 patients. The mean age was 48 years, 76% were female, 29% were Hispanic, and 29% of patients had acute cholecystitis. The most abundant species were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pasteurianus. The bacterial fraction in bile and stone samples was higher in acute cholecystitis compared to other non-infectious pathologies (p < 0.05). Neither the diversity nor differential prevalence of specific bacterial species varied significantly between infectious and other non-infectious gallbladder pathologies. Multivariate analysis of the non-infectious group revealed that patients over 40 years of age had increased bacterial fractions (p < 0.05).
Metagenomic sequencing permits characterization of the gallbladder microbiome in cholecystectomy patients. Although a higher prevalence of bacteria was seen in acute cholecystitis, species and diversity were similar regardless of surgical indication. Additional study is required to determine how the microbiome can contribute to the development of symptomatic gallbladder disease.
微生物组的改变导致了许多胃肠道疾病的发病机制。然而，胆囊疾病的微生物组组成尚不清楚。
我们旨在描述胆囊切除术患者的胆汁微生物组。在 2017 年至 2019 年期间，由于各种手术指征，在胆囊切除术中收集胆汁和胆石。提取 DNA 并进行宏基因组测序，随后使用 Kraken2 进行分类学分类。比较病理和人口统计学之间的细菌与总 DNA 读数的比例、细菌物种的相对丰度和总体物种多样性。
共从 49 名患者中获得了 74 个样本：46 个胆汁和 28 个结石，其中 25 名患者有匹配的对。平均年龄为 48 岁，76%为女性，29%为西班牙裔，29%的患者患有急性胆囊炎。最丰富的物种是肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和唾液链球菌。与其他非传染性病变相比，急性胆囊炎胆汁和结石样本中的细菌比例较高（p<0.05）。在传染性和其他非传染性胆囊病变之间，特定细菌物种的多样性和差异流行率均无显著差异。对非传染性组的多变量分析表明，40 岁以上的患者细菌比例增加（p<0.05）。
宏基因组测序可对胆囊切除术患者的胆囊微生物组进行特征描述。尽管急性胆囊炎中细菌的患病率较高，但无论手术指征如何，物种和多样性相似。需要进一步研究以确定微生物组如何有助于有症状的胆囊疾病的发展。
